Listen and Respond
欧阳光明（2021.03.07）
Task One Focusing on the Main Ideas
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.
1 The philosophy professor began his lesson by ________.
A) asking the students to be well seated
B) playing a game with the students
C) asking the students to do a test on philosophy
D) filling a large and empty glass bottle with rocks
2 The professor put the items into the jar in the order of ________.
A) rocks, beer, sand and pebbles
B) rocks, pebbles, sand and beer
C) sand, rocks, beer and pebbles
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D) pebbles, rocks, beer and sand
3 According to the professor the rocks represent ________.
A) different kinds of things in our life
B) the things that matter in our life, like our job or our house
C) the most important things in our life, like our family or our health
D) the small stuff in our life
4 The professor poured some beer into the jar because he wanted to ________.
A) mix the beer and the sand together
B) arouse his students’ curiosity about nature
C) draw his students’ attention to the small things in their life
D) prove that even if our life may seem very full, there is always room for some enjoyment
5 The message the professor tried to put across in his lecture is that ________.
A) we should try our best to keep balance between our work and health
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B) we should set priorities in our life and take care of the most important things first
C) we should pay attention to both the big things and the small stuff in our life
D) no matter how full our life may seem, we can always enjoy a couple of beers
Task Two Zooming In on the Details
Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.
1 A philosophy professor stood before his class with some itemson the desk in front of him. When the final student was seated he picked up a large and empty glass bottle and filled it with rocks. He then asked the students if the jar was full . They agreed that it was.
2 He then picked up a box of pebbles and added them to the jar, shaking it lightly. The pebbles, of course rolled intothe open areas between the rocks. After that he poured some sand into bottle. The sand filled ineverything else. Finally he took 2 cans of beer and poured it into the jar.
3 Through this the professor wanted his students to recognize that this jar representsour life. The rocks are the important things in our life, like our family, our health … things that would still remaineven if everything else were lost, and our life would still be full. The pebbles are the other things that matter— like our job or
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our house. The sand is the small stuff in our life. If we put the sand into the jar first there is no room for the pebbles or the rocks. So he told his students to set their priorities and pay attention to things that are critical to their happiness: their family, their health … The else is just sand.
Read and Explore
Task One Discovering the Main Ideas
1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1) Why does Helen Keller think that it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow?
Because she believes that such an attitude would emphasize sharply the value of life.
2) According to Helen Keller, what is the right way to live each day?
According to Helen Keller, we should live each day with a gentleness, a vigour, and a keenness of appreciation.
3) What does Helen Keller mean by saying that most of us take life for granted?
Although we all know that we will die sooner or later, we tend to picture that day as far in the future. So, we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude towards life. In other words, we take life for granted.
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4) What does Helen Keller think of the attitude that most of us adopt towards our faculties and senses?
She thinks that we tend to take our abilities to see and hear for granted and seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. That is why we often fail to make our life fuller and richer.
5) Why does Helen Keller think that it would be a blessing if each of us were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during our early adult life?
Because darkness would make us more appreciative of sight and silence would teach us the joys of sound.
2 Text A can be divided into two parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.
Part: One; Paragraph(s): 1- 4; Main Idea: Most of us take life for granted. The author suggests that we live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation as if we should die tomorrow.
Part: Two; Paragraph(s): 5–10; Main Idea: We should also make full use of our faculties and senses so as to live a fuller and richer life.
Task Two Reading Between the Lines
Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author
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intends to say by the italicized parts.
1) What events, what experiences, what associations, should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings? (Para. 2)
Suppose we know we are to die in just a few hours’ time. What should we think about doing during our last hours?
2) We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. (Para. 4)
… but often we think of our death as something that will only happen many years later.
3) Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. (Para. 5)
This is especially true of the people who have become blind and deaf after they have grown up.
4) To me the colorful seasons are a thrilling and unending drama, the action of which streams through my finger tips. (Para. 8)
It seems to me that the change of seasons is like an exciting drama and I can fully appreciate what is going on there just by my sense of touch.
5) It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for
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that which we have not. (Para. 9)
Perhaps, it is human nature that we do not truly cherish the things we already have but are always eager to get what we do not have.
Checking Your Vocabulary
Word Detective
1 Choose the definition in Column B that best matches each italicized word in Column A.
1)b
2)f
3)d
4) h
5) j
6) a
7) i
8)c
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2 The table below contains approximate synonyms and antonyms for some words from Text B. Complete the crossword puzzle that follows. If you have put in the correct words, you will discover a hidden vertical word that means \"having or deserving great fame, honour, and admiration\". What is the hidden word?
1) STRAIGHTEN
2) RELAXED
3) LOWER
4) INDIRECT
5) RESPECTIVE
6) OWE
7) HOPEFUL
8) CEASE
The hidden word is GLORIOUS.
3 The italicized part in each of the following sentences can be paraphrased by a phrase or idiomatic expression from Text B. Play detective andfind it with the help of the clues.
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1) The waiting room is full of people travelling to the Maldives(马尔代夫). (Para. 1) bound for
2) He left without even thanking me for returning his lost wallet. (Para. 5) without so much as
3) Laughter is fairly likely to be the best medicine. (Para. 9) may well
4) It is much easier to owe money than to repay the debt. (Para. 11 / Para. 12) fall / get into debt
5) We couldn’t help laughing every time he behaved in a playful or comical manner in public. (Para. 13) played the fool
6) All the troubles of life in the world will seem like a drop of salt water in a fresh water river when compared to life in Paradise. (Para. 14) on earth
7) Harry wants to recommend me as a member of the tennis club. (Para. 27) put my name up for
8) An award for poetry was given to Philip Levine for his collection(作品集) “What Work Is”. (Para. 27) was bestowed on
Checking Your Comprehension
1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.
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1) What was the author going to Stockholm for?
She was to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in Stockholm.
2) How did she feel about being awarded the Prize?
She was very happy and anxious. And she felt a deep sorrow that her father, to whom she owed her success so much, had passed away and couldn’t share her happiness.
3) Did the author really have a conversation with her father?
No. Her father was no longer alive. She was talking with her father in her imagination.
4) According to the author, how would her father respond when she told him that she was in debt?
He would say he couldn’t help her because there was no money in Paradise.
5) What did the author mean when she said that she was in debt?
She meant that she owed her success to a) her father who taught her to love reading and the country and human life; b) other people who told her wonderful stories and gave her deeds to write about; c) nature, from which she learned so many secrets; d) those who had formed and molded the language into a good instrument and taught her to use it; e) the great writers in the past who turned
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writing into art; f) her readers; and g) those who singled her out for the Prize.
2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends tosay by the italicized parts.
1) I seem to have heard of such things happening to other people — why, then, not to myself ? (Para. 5)
I have heard of other people meeting their dead family members in Paradise, so why should I not do the same?
2) The train went gliding on but it had a long way to go yet, and my thoughts raced ahead of it. (Para. 5)
The train moved smoothly forward. There was still a long way to go. So, I began to daydream and my thoughts sped even faster than the train.
3) …, just as I am about to break my news to him, I will decide to keep it back just a while longer and try the indirect approach. (Para. 8)
…, just before I am to tell him the news, I will decide to wait for a while and tell him indirectly.
4) One may well say of this place that it has everything except money. (Para. 9)
One is likely to think that Paradise has everything except money.
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5) It is not too much to ask that you should help. (Para. 11)
I have proper reasons to ask you for help.
6) I will not rack my brains about problems that no one in Heaven or on earth can solve. (Para. 28)
I will not try so hard to solve problems that can’t be solved.
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
1 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.
1) Their experiment stretched over a period of ten years. At last, their efforts paid off.
2) Communication is the only remedy against conflict within the family.
3) You’d better confine your summary to the main idea; don’t try to talk about the trivial things.
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4) Truly remarkable progress has been made in a short period of time, which is the result of the hard work of everyone involved.
5) Thank you for your kind help — I think I owe you a favour.
6) When he sleeps by the window on hot summer afternoons, he tends to lower the curtain to keep out the sun.
7) Joseph did give me a quick reply this time, but I wonder why he made no response to my last question.
8) History will reveal the truth in the future and they will realize what a wrong thing they did.
9) The camel is characterized by an ability to go without water for days.
10) It is hard to picture him as a government official because he looks so funny, but I bet he makes a good one.
11) Men should open up their minds and adopt a correct attitude towards women.
12) Since all of us were tired, Martin proposed that we take a short rest before continuing our work.
13) Seeing a big snake under the table, Sophia could not help trembling from head to foot.
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2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
1) Rosa was singled out for praise by the teacher because her art project was so creative.
2) Rebecca told us most of the story but kept back the bit about herself because she didn’t want to make her good deed known.
3) The local people tell me it is all but impossible to climb up to the top of the snowy mountain.
4) Marilyn Monroe went to Hollywood in search of fame(名气) and fortune.
5) In Heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked(连结) forever.
6) Last but not least, I would like to thank all of you, and in particular the Chairman, Dr. Rogers, for his full support over the last threeyears.
7) Oliver is a respected engineer, manager and teacher, but first and foremost he is a kind father and loving husband, which is something hetakes great pride in.
8) When he took in what was happening and realized something was wrong,
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he decided to get away quickly.
Increasing Your Word Power
1 In English some adjectives cannot be used as pre-nominal modifiers. Instead, they can only follow link verbs and function as the predicative, e.g. alone,afraid, asleep, awake, alive, alike, unable, ill, glad, sorry, fond. Hence, we can say a frightened girl or a sick boy, but it is wrong to say *an afraid girl or *an illboy.
In each of the following sentences you are given two words in brackets. Choose the appropriate one to fill in the blank. Please note that for some sentences,both words are acceptable.
1) I know how you feel, because I have a similar problem. (similar, alike)
2) I think my mother and I are very much alike / similar in many ways. (similar, alike)
3) She looked lovingly at the sleeping child. (asleep, sleeping)
4) The little boy was so tired that he was sound asleep within seconds. (asleep, sleeping)
5) She greeted us with a cheerful smile. (glad, cheerful)
6) She was glad that the birthday party was a success. (glad, cheerful)
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7) Don’t be afraid / frightened . We’re not going to hurt you. (afraid, frightened)
8) Two frightened children were hiding in a corner of the room. (afraid, frightened)
9) A brother in Australia is Mary’s only living relative. (alive, living)
10) Not knowing whether he’s dead or alive is a terrible feeling. (alive, living)
2 Fill in each blank in the following sentences with a proper word or phrase in the table.
1) If the angry workers are determined to strike, they will do so regardless of what the law says.
2) While / Though / Although she is a likable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.
3) Try as she might, Mary couldn’t get the door open.
4) In spite of / Despite the slight improvement in sales, the company is still in financial difficulty.
5) Though / Although / While there was no conclusive(结论性的) evidence, most people thought he was guilty.
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6) The young man has shown a total disregard for the law and for public safety.
7) The rate of contribution to the pension(养老金) plan is the same for all employees, regardless of age.
8) We all went to see the film in spite of / despite the heavy rain.
9) If you disregard the policeman’s instruction, you may get arrested.
10) Brave as she was, she trembled at the sight of the huge snake.
3 Word Building
In English, there are some locative(表示位置的) prefixes, such as cross-, fore-, inter-, extra-, intra-, intro-. They are used to form new words, as is shown in the following table.
Now match each of the English words in Column A with its Chinese meaning in Column B. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
1)o
2) g
3) i
4) n
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5) b
6) k
7) h
8) c
9)d
10) a
11) l
12) m
13) e
14) j
15)f
Grammar in Context
Task 1: Study the following paragraphs from the texts in this unit, paying special attention to the sequence of tenses. Reflect on its grammatical function in each sentence.
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And then fill in each blank of the following passage with the proper form of the verb given in brackets, paying special attention to the sequence of tenses.
One day my wife reminded me that I needed to spend time with the people I love. So I started dating another woman.
The \"other woman\" my wife 1) was encouraging / encouraged (encourage) me to date is my mother, a 72-year-old widow who 2) has lived (live) alone since my father died 20 years ago. Right after his death,I moved 2,500 miles away to California. There I 3) had worked (work)for 14 years before I moved back near my hometown. When I was back Ipromised myself that I 4) would spend (spend) more time with Mom. Butwith the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing hermuch beyond family get-togethers and holidays.
She was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested the two of us 5) should go / go (go) out to dinner and a movie.
“What’s wrong?” she asked.
“I thought it 6) would be (be) nice to spend some time with you,” I said. “Just the two of us.”
“I’d like that a lot.” she replied.
When I pulled into her driveway, she 7) was waiting (wait) by the door with her coat on. Her hair was curled, and she 8) was smiling (smile). “I told my lady friends
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I 9) was going (go) out with my son, and they were all impressed,” she said as she 10) got (get) into my car. “They can’t wait to hear about our evening.”
We didn’t go anywhere fancy(昂贵的), just a neighbourhood place where we could talk. We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up with each other’s lives. We talked for so long that we 11) missed (miss) the movie.
Now Mom and I 12) go (go) out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take in a movie, but mostly we talk. I tell her about my work, the kids and Peggy. Mom tells me about her past. We also talk about the future.
Dating with my mom 13) has helped (help) my marriage. After 22 years of marriage, I 14) have discovered (discover) the secret to keeping love and intimacy alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy.
Task 2: Complete the following sentences with proper tenses of the verbs given in brackets.
1) By the end of April, Peter will have stayed (stay) here for three months.
2) After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses had been lying (lie) on the table all the time.
3) Ever since the family moved to the suburbs(郊区) last year, they have been enjoying (enjoy) better health.
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4) There has been (be) marked progress in building the social security system in the past few years.
5) Bob’s leg got hurt while we were climbing (climb) the Purple Mountains.
6) If you smoke in the non-smoking section, people will object (object).
7) If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she does (do).
8) We will let you use the room on condition that you keep (keep) it clean and tidy.
9) They had intended (intend) to visit you, but their car broke down.
10) I don’t like his personality because he is always complaining (complain) about life.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given.
Many of us have read interesting and exciting stories in which the main character has only a limited time to live. Such stories set (1) us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances (2). Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if (3) we should die tomorrow. Such
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an attitude would emphasize sharply the value (4) of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which (5) are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant (6) panorama of more days to come. Most of us take life for granted (7). We seldom think of it. We go about our petty tasks, hardly aware (8) of our listless attitude towards life. The same listlessness characterizes (9) the use of our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate (10) hearing, only the blind realize the blessings that lie in sight. But those who (11) have never suffered loss of sight or hearing damage (12) seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken (13) blind and deaf for a few days at some time during (14) his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
1) 这种情景总是令我感动，让我深思。 (set sb. doing sth.)
Such a sight always moves me and sets me thinking. / This is a sight that never fails to move meand set me thinking.
2) 别怪她了，在类似情况下，你自己也会这么做的。 (under … circumstances)
Stop scolding / blaming her — you’d have done the same thing under / in
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similarcircumstances.
3) 我们应当为自己所拥有的一切而心存感激，而不是对任何事情都漫不经心。 (be appreciative of / grateful for, take … for granted)
We should be appreciative of / grateful for what we have instead of taking everything forgranted.
4) 他也许会答应改变，但无非又是说一套做一套罢了。 (It's the same old story of)
He may promise to change, but it’s the same old story of saying one thing and doing another.
5) 我苦苦思索该怎样把这可怕的消息告诉他。 (rack one's brains about sth., break the news to sb.)
I racked my brains about how to break the terrible news to him.
6) 我将永远无法报答父母为我所做的一切。 (repay sb. for sth.)
It will be impossible for me to repay my parents for everything they have done for me.
7) 且让我再次感谢大家的参与，祝你们工作顺利。 (it remains to sb. to do sth.)
For now, it remains to me to thank you once more for joining us and wish you good luck in yourwork.
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8) 我一开始就说过，他会给我们惹麻烦的。 (right from the beginning)
I said right from the beginning that he would cause us trouble.
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