高考英语作文复习资料
通知
写作指南：
通知是传达将要做某事的应用文体，书写通知的正文时，语言应简洁明了，写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容（多为书面通知的首句）、通知对象及有关注意事项。同时，必须注意句子之间的安排，使之符合逻辑，调理清晰。
书面通知的具体写作步骤及注意事项如下： ①要有标题NOTICE 或Notice。
②内容：这是通知的主要部分，主要包括时间、地点、人物、事由、注意事项等要点。
③时态: 通知是传达将要做的事。因此, 通知多用一般将来时, 如: A party will be held./There will be a party.等。
④句式: 多用祈使句, 如: Please wear comfortable shoes as we will do a lot of walking./Please take your umbrella with you .等。
⑤语言文体:多用书面语。
⑥结束语: 书面通知的结束语常常有: Please attend it on time.或 Don’t be late!或 Everyone is welcome to attend/take part in it.等。
⑦单位名称: 单位名称为发出通知的单位。
⑧通知日期: 英美两国在表达日期时, 顺序略有不同。如 2012年 3月 15日,美国习惯用 March 15(th), 2012; 英国习惯用 15(th) March, 2012。
常用句型：
①Looking forward to your active participation. 期盼大家积极参与。 ②This activity aims to/is intended to… 此次活动的目的在于…… ③This activity is arranged to last 7 days or so. 此次活动安排持续 7天左右。 ④Who ever is interested can contact … 感兴趣的人可联系…… ⑤The Student Union/Students’ Union is going to hold a party.
学生会将举行一次聚会。
⑥The party will be held in… 聚会将在……举行。 ⑦There’s sure to be a lot of fun .Everybody is welcome.
一定会很有趣。欢迎各位前往。
⑧The lecture will last about three hours. 演讲将持续大约三个小时。 写作实例：
假定你校学生会定于 2011年 10月 16日(星期日) 参观大运村(the Athletes’ Village of Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade)
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请根据下面表格内容, 以学生会的名义用英语写一则通知。
注意: 1.词数: 100左右; 2.可以适当发挥, 以使短文连贯; 3.通知的格式已为你写好，不计入总词数。
早上 7:00在校门口集合 , 7:20乘公共汽车前往。 1. 上午参观大运广场和运动员公寓、中午在运动员餐厅吃午饭、下午参观文化体验区 ; 2. 拍照、做记录, 之后参加校摄影或征文比赛。 1. 自带饮用水; 2. 注意安全 ; 3. 参加者本周五前到学生会报名。 参考词汇:
大运广场the Universiade Square; 运动员公寓the Athletes’ Apartment 运动员餐厅the Athletes’ Dinning Hall 征文比赛essay contest 中国文化体验区 the Chinese Culture Exhibition 报名 sign up
Notice
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union October 10, 2011 写作向导： 1.文体信息
这是一篇应用文。题目要求学生按照所给内容提示写一篇通知。 (1)体裁: 应用文——通知
(2)时态: 因为参观活动是将来发生的, 所以文章中的时态应该以一般将来时态为主;
(3)人称: 告知我们活动的时间、地点和内容, 因此用第一人称。
2.思路点拨
在写作通知的过程中, 考生应认真阅读题目要求, 将已知信息有机地安排, 思路要清晰, 详略应得当。同时要设计必要的过渡词语, 以使文章连贯。此外, 考生要注意所用语言尽量做到简洁明了、精炼扼要。
写作信息要点:
(1)活动: 10月 16日(星期日) 参观大运村;
(2)集合时间、地点及出行方式: 早上 7:00, 校门口集合; 7:20, 乘公交车出发; (3)活动内容与要求: 上午参观大运广场和运动员公寓、中午在运动员餐厅吃午饭、下午参观文化体验区; 拍照、做记录, 之后参加校摄影或征文比赛。
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(4)注意事项: 自带饮用水; 注意安全; 本周五前到学生会报名。
注意:
(1)要注意条理清楚, 行文连贯;
(2)将已知信息有机地安排, 不要直译, 可以适当打破所给汉语提示的语序。
Notice
We are going to organize a tour to the Athletes’ Village of Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade on October16.
In the morning, we will ①pay a visit to the Universiade Square and the Athletes’ Apartment, ②where we can take some photos and make notes. These are very useful because you will take part in the photo or essay contest in our school. At noon we will visit the Athletes’ Dinning Hall and have lunch there. In the afternoon, we will go to the Chinese Culture Exhibition, ③where we can learn and get a better understanding of our own culture. Please bring enough drinking water with you as there will be no time for you to go to the supermarket during our tour. By the way, please be careful and obey their rules.
Those who are to take part in the visit can sign up at the Students’ Union before this Friday. We are leaving by bus at 7:20 a. m .this Sunday, and ④be sure to arrive at the school gate before 7:00 a.m.
Students’ Union
October10, 2011
点评: 这篇文章言简意赅,语言流畅自然。独到之处是能够将简单句和复杂句交替使用, 且运用得恰到好处。
①pay a visit“参观” , 用得恰到好处, 其效果远远高于 visit。
②where引导的非限制性定语从句把文章中“参观展区”和“拍照、做记录”两
个要点很好地结合在一起, 打破常规的写作模式, 值得广大考生借鉴。
③where引导的非限制性定语从句衔接自然, get a better understanding of为地道、高级的英文句式。本从句所表达的意思是围绕主题的拓展和发挥, 体现了作者灵活的表达能力。
④合理运用祈使句, 这正好符合通知的写作特点, 使文章结尾干净利落, 不拖泥带水。
日记
写作指南：
日记是以叙述一天生活中所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情为内容的一种文体。写日记一般要注意以下几点：
1. 英语日记有一定的格式。英语日记通常由两部分组成，即书端和正文。书端用于记载写日记的日期、星期天和天气情况。它位于正文上面的第一行，顶格写起。
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日期和星期写在第一行的左上角，天气情况写在第一行的右上角。
2. 日记是对生活的记录，是把一天中最有意义的事情记录下来所形成的书面材料，多用第一人称。
3. 日记一般记叙当天发生的事,因此多用过去时态和现在完成时态, 但也可灵活运用,如说明客观事实、普遍真理或为了使所描述的事物生动等时, 也可用现在时态。
常用句型：
① Today, we paid a visit to the Great Wall. 今天我们参观了长城。 ② I had an unforgettable trip to Cambridge today. 今天我进行了一次难忘的剑桥之旅。
③ Although tired, I spent the most exciting day in my life.
尽管疲惫, 但我度过了一生中令人兴奋的一天。
④ As soon as we got there, we were divided into several groups. 一到达那里, 我们就被分成了几组。
⑤ We had such a good time that we didn’t realize it was very late. 我们玩得非常开心以至于没有意识到天已经很晚了。 ⑥ From this experience I learned that… 从这次经历中我懂得了…… ⑦ Everyone enjoyed themselves so much. 每一个人玩得都很开心。
⑧ I hope it won’t belong before we have another chance to get together. 我希望不久我们就会再有机会相聚。
写作实例：
根据下面四幅图片写一篇英语日记,记述你与另两位男同学 (Li Hua 和 Zhang Ping)2011年3月21日去风景区游玩所发生的故事及你的感受。
注意:词数 100左右。参考词汇:风景区 scenic spot
1.文体信息 (1)体裁: 日记
(2)时态: 记述你与另两位男同学( Li Hua和 Zhang Ping)2011年 3月 21日去风景区游玩所发生的故事, 用一般过去时; 谈自己的感想时可用一般现在时。
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(3)人称: 以第一人称为主。 2.思路点拨
本篇日记从所给的四幅图来看, 内容清楚、明了。根据图中信息, 可将其分为三段来写。
(1)首先点明当天的活动内容、地点。
(2)然后根据图中信息结合提示叙述一天的全过程, 这是文章的主体, 写作时应当仔细考虑图中给我们提供全部信息, 不要漏掉要点, 并尽量使叙述过渡衔接自然;
(3)个人对今天所发生的事情的体会或感想。
March21, 2011 Monday Sunny
I had an unforgettable experience today, Li Hua, Zhang Ping and I went to the scenic spot to get her to play. Because it is a bit far away from our houses, each of us took a lot of food with us. ①Having played for a long time, we were all hungry and tired, so we decided to have a rest and eat. After we each were full, I said, “Let’s go home”. At this time, ② Li Hua noticed Zhang Ping’s bag still full while our bags were empty. “We shouldn’t leave the rubbish in the scenic spot, so I brought it out.” Said Zhang Ping happily and threw the rubbish into the dustbin by the side of the street. ①Hearing that, Li Hua and I felt very ashamed.
Zhang Ping ③seta good example to me today. We should know ④that everyone is responsible for protecting the environment. 点评:①现在分词短语作状语, 高档句式, 能够体现作者的语言功底。
②并列句的运用恰当好处的把张平和我俩的做法做了鲜明的对比, 句式运用恰到好处, 富有表现力。
③set an example to sb. “给某人树立了一个榜样” 是对动词短语的地道运用。 ④宾语从句的运用显现其驾驭复合句的能力, be responsible for doing为高档词汇的运用, 对提升文章档次起提升作用。
书信（建议类）
写作指南:
建议信是作者就发现的某一问题提出自己的看法和建议。一般来说，建议信的正文分为：开头、主体和结尾。开头一般开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。主体则是对所提出的问题进行分析、说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。结尾则是对开头的呼应，重申观点。
其基本段落结构如下:
①Introduction: State your idea ②Body: Reasons and evidence ③Conclusion: Restate your opinion
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常用句型
①I’m so glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on... 很高兴你来信询问我关于……的建议。
②I’m glad to write the letter to tell you. 我很高兴写信告诉你…… ③Here are a few suggestions/tips. 这里有几条建议。 ④I am writing to express my views concerning... 我写信是要表达有关……的看法。
⑤I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions practical/ useful/ helpful. 我希望这些建议/意见对你来说实用/有用/有帮助。
⑥In my personal opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following action. 我认为, 如果你能采取以下行动, 将是一种明智的选择。 写作实例：
你叫爱华, 你的同学强华在国外学习, 你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业,不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信:
1. 建议他回国;
2. 你的理由是：1) 学有所用, 就业容易; 2) 照顾父母。
注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.行文应连贯, 内容应完整; 3.开头语与落款已写好。
Dear Qiang Hua,
I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours, Ai Hua
1.文体信息
本篇为应用文体——书信。陈述自己对同学回国就业的意见, 以一般现在时和将来时为主; 用第一人称描述; 在行文中注意句与句之间的衔接和过渡, 使用恰当的连接词。
2.思路点拨
本文要求给同学强华写一封回信, 就是否回国工作一事提出建议。此类作文格式比较固定, 下笔时, 注意看清提示中所列要点, 并完整准确地表达出来。写作信息要点:
(1)提及同学在来信中所提回国事宜; (2)表明自己观点: 建议其回国就业; (3)原因一: 学有所用, 就业容易; (4)原因二: 回来方便照顾父母; (5)希望同学认真考虑自己建议。
另外, 在阐述理由时, 注意上下文的衔接, 过渡要自然。
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Dear Qiang Hua,
I’m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. ①Concerning the question whether or not you should come back to China to work after graduation, I would like to say ②it’ll be a good choice if the answer is positive, for there are at least two advantages as follows.③ First, as you know, China is now experiencing the rapid development of economy, ④which calls for qualified people like you. With what you’ve achieved these years abroad, you will find it easy to get a suitable job. Second, your working in China will make it much more convenient for you to take care of your parents.
⑤Please give my suggestion some serious thought before you make your final decision.
Best wishes!
Yours, Aihua
点评:①concerning是高级词汇也是非常有用的连接词。与with regard to, regarding , as to用法一样, 直接将读者带入文章主题。
②it’ll be...if...句型的使用, 使说话者的语气听起来很委婉, 很有礼貌。
③表示顺序的 first使叙述清晰、条理; as you know插入语的运用, 就像平
常聊天一般, 将下面的话题自然带出。
④这里则采用了非限制性定语从句, 显现其对语言的驾驭能力。
⑤再次恳请同学认真考虑自己的建议, 礼貌而又不失力度。
书信（应聘、求职类）
写作指南：
求职信的内容通常包含以下几点：
1. 说明信息的来源。比如从报上得知或经朋友介绍等
2. 介绍个人情况，包括自己的工作经历、个人专长及个人爱好等情况。用简短、明了的句子表明自己的能力、才干、成绩及奋斗目标。
3. 表达自己对这份工作的期盼。
常用句型
① I am writing in response to your advertisement for a secretary...
我看到了贵公司招聘秘书的广告, 于是写信……
② I would like to apply for the vacancy of... 我想申请…这个空缺职位。
③ I would be most grateful if you granted me a personal interview. 如果您能给我面试的机会, 我将感激不尽。
④Thanks for considering my application and I am looking forward to your reply. 感谢您考虑我的申请, 期待您的回复。
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⑤ I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of… 我认为是…工作的合格人选, 所以写信推荐自己。
⑥ Your advertised position of sales manager interests me.
我对你们招聘销售经理的广告很感兴趣。
⑦Any favorable consideration of my application would be appreciated. 感谢您对我的申请的积极考虑。
⑧ I have enclosed my resume. 我已将简历附上 写作实例：
第 26届世界大学生运动会期间, 大会组委会将招募志愿者(volunteer), 要求遵守大会纪律, 乐于助人, 且具有一定英语基础。假设你叫李乐乐, 是深圳一中的一名高中学生, 看到此招聘启事后, 写信给大会组委会执行局( Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade Organizing Committee Executive Board)申请成为一名大运会志愿者。
主要内容:
1. 介绍自己;
2. 并说明你应聘的理由。注意:1.词数 120左右; 2.开头已写好,不计入总词数。
26th SUOCEB Shenzhen Dear Sir,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 本文为提纲类应用文——求职信。
(2)时态: 本书信为申请成为一名大运会志愿者, 主要是自我介绍(身份、学历、及干好此义务工作的优势条件)。因此, 应用一般现在时。
(3)人称: “我”求职, 故用第一人称。
2.思路点拨
(1)求职信与一般书信格式相同, 本文已将其中的称呼语给出。重点是按照招聘启事的要求, 陈述自己应聘的优势。
(2)内容要点: 根据求职信的要求,可分下面三段: ①说明获得招聘信息的来源。 ②介绍个人情况, 包括自己身份、个人专长及个人爱好等情况, 陈述自己应聘的理由, 表明自己能够胜任此工作的条件和才干。
③表达自己对这份工作的期盼。
另外, 还要根据实际介绍自己的相关情况, 展示自己的才华, 以期得到大会组
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委会的赏识和接纳。
26th SUOCEB Shenzhen Dear Sir,
①I have read your advertisement in the newspaper and want very much to be one of the volunteers for the Shenzhen 26th Summer Universiade. My name is Li Lele, a 16-year-old girl from Shenzhen No.1 Middle School. ②Being a three-good student, I obey all the rules and regulations in and out of school and always willing to help others. I am good at English, especially spoken English. ③Besides, I shall be free during the summer vacation and look forward to finding some thing meaningful to do. ④To be a volunteer of the Summer Universiade is just what I want. I don’t mind what kind of job I will be given during the time. ⑤ What is most important for me is that I can do my bit for the Universiade, from which I’ll get some valuable experience and practice my spoken English by acting as a volunteer. ⑥What’s more, I can communicate with foreigners and make some friends .
⑦I’ll greatly appreciate it if I’m offered the chance and I’m looking forward to your early reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Lele
点评:①文章开门见山,引出主题,说明自己渴望成为一名志愿者的迫切心情。 ②being a three-good student,为现在分词作状语的结构,属于高级表达。③⑥besides和What’s more的运用,使得文章上下文衔接自然。
④ 不定式和从句的结合运用, 凸显出作者驾驭语言的能力。⑤⑦各类从句的
综合使用, 使整篇文章结构紧凑、浑然一体。
投诉信
写作指南：
客户对产品质量的不满、货物受损或有瑕疵；延误交货或交货有误、质量没有达到要求；公司职员工作出现重大失误等等。出现这种情况后，受损方为维护自己的权益，向上级主管部门或有关厂家、公司反映情况，提出合情合理的赔偿要求，常常可采用投诉信的方式以促使问题的解决。
投诉信一般包含四个要素: 1.摆明事实:
通常对过去的情况作简单的回顾, 说明投诉的背景,以便对方理解;
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2.提起投诉:
这部分要简明扼要地摆出投诉的原由, 强调对方的失误给你造成不便, 指出因此蒙受损失;
3.提出解决办法:
在这一段中, 投诉人应根据自己的想法提出具体而有建设性的建议。 4.表明立场:
这部分内容一般比较简短,应明确要求对方采取行动来赔偿或弥补损失。
常用句型
①I am writing to complain about your handling of… 我写信投诉你对…的处理。 ②I am very sorry to inform you that… 我非常遗憾的告诉您…… ③In addition, two of the desks are badly damaged and will need replacing.
另外,其中两张课桌严重损坏, 需要更换。
④During the past few days, problems have come one after another.
在过去这几天里, 问题一个接着一个出现。
⑤For one thing the screen is always black; for another, the battery can only last two days, much shorter than you have advertised.
一方面,屏幕总是发黑;另一方面,电池只能用两天,远远短于你们广告中所说的时间。 ⑥I am sure you will be able to provide us with a satisfactory explanation.我相信你将能够给我们提供令人满意的解释。
⑦I wish to change it for another camera or declare a refund.
我希望换一部相机, 否则我要求退款。
⑧I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.
我希望我的这个问题能够得到足够的重视。
写作实例
假设你是李华, 最近你从 Attractive Shopping购物网站上购买了一部手机 Multi-phone, 因有质量问题, 给该网站写一封投诉信, 要求该公司给予更换。请根据下列要点, 用英文写一封电子邮件。
1.手机问题: 手机不响铃, 不能发短信; 该公司说该产品已售完, 需等待; 因为型号新, 无配件, 无法维修。
要求: 公司应尽快予以更换或退款。
注意: 1.词数为 100左右; 2.spare part ; 3.电子邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
D ear Sir,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li H ua
1.文体信息
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(1)体裁: 应用文(投诉信) (2)时态: 一般过去时 (3)人称: 第一人称
2.思路点拨
根据提示中的信息可知,除了已给出的开头外,应该包含以下内容: (1)说明投诉事由;
(2)问题一: 手机不响铃, 不能发短信; (3)问题二: 该产品已售完, 需等待; (4)问题三: 型号新、无配件, 无法维修; (5)要求公司尽快予以更换或退款
Dear Sir,
①I am writing to you for the mobile phone of Multi-phone which I bought on 20th August 2011 at Attractive Shopping. Ten days after that, ②it didn’t ring nor could it send short messages. Then I reported it to the seller, but w as told that the model had been sold out and I had to wait at least three months for a new one. ③Then I wanted it to be repaired, ④but he said since it was a new model, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts. ⑤How disappointed I was on hearing that! How can I wait that long? ⑥Therefore, I have to write to you and ask to have the phone replaced within a week or return me the money. I’m looking forward to your earliest reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
点评:①文章开门见山, 说明投诉事由。
②投诉问题之一: 手机不响铃, 不能发短信。运用了not...nor...关联词, 后一分句用了倒装句, 体现了作者高超的句型运用能力。
③want sth. to be done为一高档句型。
④复杂句的运用, 反映出作者具有驾驭长难句的能力。 ⑤运用感叹句来表达自己对此事的失望情感, 增强了语言的感染力。
⑥提出自己的要求, 要求公司予以更换或退款。其中用到高档句型“have sth. done”, 提高了文章的档次。
电子邮件/ 博客
电子邮件或博客是人们在因特网上常用的书面交流形式, 其内容与书信没有太大区别, 可以记叙一件事情、讨论一些问题、说明某个事理、发表某个看法、解释某个原因等, 实际上就是记叙文、说明文、议论文在实际生活中的应用。
①I am extremely pleased to hear from you. 非常高兴收到您的来信。 ②I’ve learned from your last letter that….从你的上一封信中, 我已经获悉…
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③I’m very glad to share m y views with you concerning...
我将非常高兴告诉你我的有关……的看法。
④Here are a few suggestions/tips.下面是几条建议。
⑤Attached please find today’s meeting notes. 今天的会议记录在附件里。 ⑥Your comments and suggestions are welcome.欢迎您的评论和建议。
⑦ I sincerely apologize for this misunderstanding! 对造成的误解我真诚道歉! 写作实例
假设你叫建军, 最近, 一名叫强国的网友在其博客上就我国自己建造航母的话题发表如下感言:
I am very happy to see our own plane carrier “Waliangge” on the Internet. It’s really encouraging but mean while I also care a bit whether w e really need such a big warship and whether we can build one of our own. Anyhow, it needs high-tech and costs a lot of money...
请你就此回复, 谈谈你对此问题的看法: 写作要求:
1.表明自己的看法——我国应该也完全有能力发展自己的航空母舰; 2.陈述自己的理由(最少两条); 3.结尾。 注意:
1.词数100左右; 2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Hi , Qiang Guo
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 本文为提纲类应用文——电子邮件/ 博客;
(2)时态: 本文谈及的话题是目前人们对我国拥有航母的议论, 根据内容可知应以一般现在时态为主;
(3) 人称: 用第一人称。
2.思路点拨
(1)电子邮件/ 博客的格式同普通书信, 此处已给出称呼语, 因此格式上注意落款即可;
(2) 本篇是以议论为主的博客, 根据提示要点可知本文应该分三段来写:
第一段: 表明自己的看法——我国应该也完全有能力发展自己的航空母舰,注意表达要坚定、果断。
第二段: 陈述自己的理由(最少两条), 必要时可使用first(ly), second(ly), finally, last but not least等增加层次感。
第三段: (议论文)结尾。注意紧扣主题,与开头的观点相照应。
Hi, Qiang Guo
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What you concern about is the very thing that some other people do presently. ①I think there is no doubt that we must have our own plane carrier and we are able to build such big warships. The reasons are as follows. ②In my opinion, ③firstly, our country has a long coast line and a vast sea area. To guard them, we must have such big and powerful warships. ④Secondly, all the leading countries in the world have their plane carriers to show their powerful defense abilities, ⑤which in turn help win respects from other countries. ⑥Last but not least, ⑦a navy without plane carriers can not be called a real navy. As for the money and technique to build the ship, ⑧it’s a piece of cake for a country like ours, which has strong economic strength. ⑨In a word, we have all the reasons to have our own plane carriers and have sufficient money to build them .⑩Not only should we have such a plane carrier but we should have more. Yours Jianjun
点评: ①此处直入主题, 开门见山说明了自己的观点。
②陈述个人观点时的开头用语, 规范、地道。
③④⑥注意运用表示顺序的词语, 使得表达条理,富有层次感。
⑤which 引导的非限制性定语从句和固定短语in turn 的合理运用, 体现了较高级的表达手法。
⑦ 该句中用了without... not...的句式, 增强了语言的说服力和感染力。
⑧a piece of cake“小菜一碟”, 以藐视的口吻把怕花钱的担忧一扫而光, 定语从句的使用指出祖国强大的经济实力; economic “经济的” 为一高级词汇。
⑨照应首段, 重申了自己的观点, in a word是结束段开头常用短语, 用得恰当、地道; sufficient为高级词汇。
⑩用not only...but (also)引起的倒装句提升自己的观点, 使自己的立场和观点得到强调和升华。
演讲稿
写作指南
演讲稿是面对听众陈述或发表个人观点或认识的应用性文体, 其最重要的一点是要具有吸引力。因此, 明确演讲的对象很重要, 对不同的听众演讲的内容自然不一样。演讲要用口头语言, 要合乎口语表达习惯, 句子力求短小精悍, 铿锵有力赞成什么, 反对什么, 要旗帜鲜明, 不能模棱两可。
演讲稿一般由对听讲者的称呼语、正文和结束语三部分组成。
1. 篇章结构:
(1)开头称呼语。最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen。也可根据不同情况, 选用Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr. Chairman, Honorable Judges
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等。
(2)开门见山,提出论题。
(3)进行论证, 讲清道理。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等。 (4)简明扼要, 做出结论。
(5)结尾。最普通的结尾就是: Thank you very much for your attention.
2.写演讲稿要注意以下几个方面:
(1)演讲的目的是让对方能听懂, 并使听众对你所讲的观点产生同感, 所以采用的语言要尽量简洁有力, 避免使用晦涩难懂的单词或句子, 否则就会影响表情达意,从而弱化发言的效果。
(2)写作时, 在以简单句为主的同时, 可以适当穿插一些复合句结构。由于文章主要以简单句为主, 所以不要把文章写成单句罗列, 适当地使用连词承前启后, 可以使文章浑然一体文章的时态以现在时态为主。
3.注意事项
(1)要注意演讲的对象, 选用合适的称呼语。 (2)提出论题, 观点要鲜明。
(3)结构要清晰, 注意层次、节奏和衔接。
(4)语言要有感染力, 要具有鼓动性, 且要言简意赅, 生动有力。
①First of all, thank you for giving me this opportunity.
首先, 感谢您给我这个机会。
②It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to speak here. 很高兴我有这样的机会在此演讲。
③I’m very glad to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject A Balanced Diet and Health. 在此进行有关“合理饮食和健康”的演讲我感到很荣幸。
④It is a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.
对我来说, 站在这里进行演讲是我莫大的荣幸。
⑤The topic of my speech today is... 今天我演讲的主题是……
⑥Many people believe/hold the view /think that... 有很多人认为……
⑦As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to... 就我而言,我认为……是一个好主意。
⑧If you choose me to be chairman of the Student Union, I will...
如果你们选我做学生会主席, 我将……
写作实例
创建和谐校园活动开展一年来, 你校发生了很大变化。学校准备以Changes Brought by the Harmonious School Project为题, 组织一次演讲比赛。请你根据下面提示写一篇演讲稿, 准备参加学校组织的这次演讲比赛。
1.校园环境的变化; 2.同学、师生关系的变化; 3.学习氛围的变化; 4.自己的感受。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.不要逐条翻译, 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
1.文体信息
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(1)体裁:本文为提纲类应用文—— 发言稿/ 演讲稿。
(2)时态: 本文话题为“和谐校园活动带来的变化”, 应以现在时态为主。 (3)人称: 第三人称为主。
2.思路点拨
此篇书面表达属于半开放性写作。写作内容要求比较宽泛, 写作时的关键就应放在结构的安排及语言的组织上。写作时, 考生应注意写清楚以下几点:
(1)校园环境的变化; (2)同学、师生关系的变化; (3)学习氛围的变化; (4)自己的感受。
3.注意事项
(1)仔细审题是写作中最重要的部分, 合理整合各要点, 不可逐句翻译; (2)按要求适当加以发挥, 并注意其客观性和合理性; (3)文章所反应的思想内容应积极向上;
(4)尽量使用一定数量的高级词汇、短语及语法句式。
Dear teachers and my fellow students,
Since our school began the harmonious school project one year ago, great changes have taken place in our school. ①The environment of our school is becoming more and more beautiful, and all the buildings are surrounded by bushes and fragrant flowers. ②When we study in the classroom ,we can even hear birds singing on trees. I’m very pleased to find that our school is really a good one. The students in our school work hard at their lessons. They take an active part in activities, ③which helps to improve their qualities and health. They are friendly to each other and always ready to help each other.
The teachers here all enjoy their work and they love their students.
④They work hard and do what they can to help their students. And the students respect their teachers. They get on well with each other. The students in our school try their best to keep the school yard clean and tidy. ⑤Neither do they throw waste about nor pick the flowers. ⑥In a word, I am deeply impressed by the harmonious atmosphere in this school. I love my school and I’m sure our school will be more and more attractive in future.
Thanks for your listening (to my speech)!
点评:①此处使用并列句, 描写美丽的校园环境, 语言表达如行云流水般自然流畅。
②用when引出时间状语从句, 体现了作者较扎实的语言表达功底。
③非限制性定语从句的运用为文章增添了亮点。
④使用复杂句型: do what they can to help their students是一个地道表达方式, 体现了作者的语言积累。
⑤倒装句为一高档表达方式, 可提升文章档次。
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⑥用in a word作为总结, 结束全文, 使文章结构严谨、浑然一体。
议论文(观点论述类)
写作指南
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种常用文体, 它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来表达作者的见解和主张。英语书面表达所要求的议论文, 是一种限定的写作,其论点、论据和论证都比较明确, 考生可以结合题目要求, 阐述相关的观点, 切忌随意发挥。
写好议论文要注意以下几个方面:
1.把握好议论文的三要素: 论点、论据和论证。论点要明确, 论据要充分, 论证要严密。
2.观点论述类议论文是针对某一社会现象或就某种观点展开论述的议论文。此类文章往往以“三段论”模式出现, 形成此类议论文的固定写作模板。
(1)第一部分引出话题。通常开门见山地提出需要讨论的话题。
(2)第二部分选用合适的论证方法进行论证。常用的论证方法有: 归纳法(从分析典型即分析个别事物入手, 找出事物的共同特点, 然后得出结论); 推理法(从一般原理出发, 对个别事物进行说明、分析, 然后得出结论); 对照法(把正反两方面进行对照, 然后加以分析,得出结论); 驳论法(先列出错误观点, 然后逐条加以批驳, 最后阐明自己观点)等。
(3)第三部分解决问题, 得出结论。有时要求考生在此部分简单发表自己观点。
常用句型
一些常用句式或句子也能起承上启下的作用,使相关的信息得到巧妙的过渡和衔接。
①The main reason is that... 主要原因是…… ②I can’t agree more. 我完全相信。
③Another thing we can’t forget is that… 另外一件我们不能忘记的事情是…… ④There is every reason to believe that... 有充分的理由相信…… ⑤ As we all know ... 大家都知道……
观点论述类议论文的固定写作模板:
As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对)；The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过度句，承上启下)。 Firstly, ＿＿＿(理由一). Secondly, ＿＿＿(理由二). Thirdly, ＿＿＿(理由三). Last but not the least(其他理由). In conclusion, I believe that … (照应第一部分，重申观点，构成“总—分—总” 结构 写作实例 毕业前夕, 你班决定给李老师送一份礼物, 大家提出两条建议: 1.送影集(album ), 里面有每个同学的照片;
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2.送磁带, 录有每个同学对老师的祝福。
请以“An Album or a Tape”为题, 用英语写一篇短文。首先阐述以上两条建议,然后表明你同意其中哪一条, 并说明理由。
注意: 1.短文必须以第一人称书写; 2.词数:100左右。 1.文体信息
(1)体裁:议论文; (2)时态:一般现在时和一般将来时态; (3)人称:第一人称。
2.思路点拨
本文是以毕业时送老师礼物为主题, 在两个方案中进行选择。首先阐述两种不同建议: An Album or a Tape (相册好还是磁带好), 再说明自己的选择以及理由。考生要根据文章的中心内容合理安排文章结构。
根据文体特点, 可分三段:
(1) 陈述两种不同建议, 并鲜明地表明自己的态度和选择。 (2) 阐明自己选择的理由,要具有说服力。 (3) 得出结论,照应开头的观点。
①With graduation to come near, we want to give a gift to our dear teacher Miss Li. An album or a tape? Both of them are pretty good ideas. ②Personally, I think it better to give our album as our gift. Here are some reasons.
③First, photos can remind our teacher what we just look like and she will recall the past happy days with us. ④So nothing could be better than an album. ③Second, ⑤it is more convenient to look through albums than to listen to cassettes. Also, it can show our love more directly. ③Third, ⑥cassettes can be easily broken while albums can be preserved well. ⑦All things considered, I strongly recommend that we give a photo album to our teacher. 点评: ①用with graduation to come near结构来阐明原因, 比起复杂的从
句要简洁得多。
②Personally不仅起到承上启下的作用, 还恰到好处地表明了自己的观点。 It’s better to do sth.这个句型用得好, 与前面的both of相呼应, 作者阐述了自己的观点。
③用first, second, third三个词逐条陈述理由, 理由充分, 思路清晰, 让读者
一目了然。
④nothing could be better than为一固定句型, 否定词与比较级连用表达最高级含义, 加强了表达力度。
⑤运用more...than...比较句型说明相册的优势, 句型运用恰到好处。
⑥并列句进一步对比两者优劣, 加强了对个人观点的支持力度,态度鲜明,有
说服力。
⑦All things considered既是总结, 又再次重申作者是经过认真思考,起到了双
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重作用。
议论文(正反观点类)
写作指南
正反观点式议论文通常提出某观点或话题, 并指出对此话题产生的两种对立观点, 最后给出自己的看法。此类议论文通常分为以下三段:
第一段: 提出议论话题;
第二段: 对正、反两方面的论点进行论证; 第三段: 阐述自己的观点或看法。
常用模板 ①Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题); Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) ②Most of the students are in favor of it. (正方观点) Here are the reasons. First...Second...Finally... (列出2~3个赞成的理由); However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place ... What’s more, ... In addition, ...(列出2~3个反对的理由) ③Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, so I support it. (个人观点) 写作实例 目前, 不少人在写作与交流中喜欢使用网络语言, 有时讲汉语时还夹杂着英语,如PK 等。就此现象, 你班最近举行了一场讨论。请根据下表的提示, 客观地介绍讨论情况并给出你的观点。
注意:1.词数: 100左右;
2.开头已给出, 不计入总词数, 可根据内容要点适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3.参考词汇: 荒诞ridiculous。
There is a widespread concern over Web Language, which has come hand in hand with the development of the Internet. As is apparently shown in the chart above, the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 议论文; (2)时态: 一般现在时; (3)人称:第一、三人称。
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2.思路点拨
本文的开头已经“点”题, 因此, 可直接考虑文章的第二、第三段。 第二段: 论证正、反两方面的论点; 第三段: 阐述自己的观点或看法。
There is a widespread concern over Web Language, which has come hand in hand with the development of the Internet. As is apparently shown in the chart above, the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
A majority of students are fond of this way. In their views, there are three factors ①contributing to this attitude as follows. They appreciate its humor. They think it of special help in expressing themselves. And it can ②make the language varied.
③As is known to us all, every coin has two sides, and it is the same with this matter. 40% students think it kind of ridiculous. In their opinion, it makes no sense in helping people communicate or learn English. Besides, it is against the Chinese grammar rules.
④As far as I am concerned, I don’t think it good to use this kind of language. It may be fashionable as some think, but you may also get your idea confusing, leaving other people at a loss as to your meaning.
点评:①contributing to this attitude as follows 融分词短语和短语动词于一体, 浓缩着作者高超的语言表达能力。
②“make +sth .+p.p.”是动词make 的常用句型之一, 体现出作者对句型掌握的熟练程度。
③本句是本篇议论文中最 “带彩” 的高档句子。其中含有地道的句式运用: As is known to us all...; 谚语的引用 “every coin has two sides” 增加语言的说服力; 还有句型it is the same with...可谓妙语连珠。
④用as far as I am concerned 比in my opinion 高档。
议论文 (说明利弊类)
写作指南
说明利弊类作文是以某一事物的优点和缺点为文章的主要内容, 最终以考生的评论或者观点作为全文的结论。在说明事物的利弊时,应该注意条理性。在文章的最后表明个人的态度或者看法的时候, 最好也能提供相应的理由或者一些扬长避短的方法来减少事物的负面影响。
常用模板
这种类型作文的写作可以采用以下的模式: 第一部分:引言
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标题中涉及的某一事物或现象; 第二部分: 优点
列举该事物或现象的优点或积极因素(这一部分除了可以独立成段外, 也可以与第一部分合为一段, 或是与第三部分合为一段);
第三部分: 缺点
可以考虑用对比关联词引出该事物或现象的另一面——缺点或消极因素; 第四部分: 个人体会
权衡利弊, 阐述个人体会或者如何扬长避短的方法。暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划, 提出了不同看法, 请根据提示写一篇有关这次讨论的英语短文,并谈谈你的看法。
注意:
1.词数100左右 (不含已经写好部分);
2.短文必须包括表中所列要点, 可根据内容分段表述; 3.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 4.参考词汇: 眼界 horizon (或view )
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday._____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 议论文; (2)时态: 一般现在时;
(3)人称: 用第三人称论述人们的观点; 用第一人称谈“我”的看法。
2.思路点拨
(1)根据提示可先点题: 班里的同学对假期计划提出不同看法;
(2)论述其优、缺点: 待在家中——优点: 花费少、舒适方便; 缺点: 不能亲身了解外界; 外出旅游——优点:增长知识、开阔眼界; 缺点: 花费多、旅途不便;
(3)个人的观点、看法。
The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.
Some students ①are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. ②However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their know ledge and broaden their horizons. They think ③staying at home will cause them to lose chance of getting to know the outside world.
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In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, ④for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV and helping my parents with the housework. Secondly, traveling costs a lot of money. As a student, I cannot make money by myself and m ay meet some difficulties while traveling.
⑤Consequently, I prefer staying at home in summer holiday and I hope to take a trip when I have both spare time and spare money. 点评: ①短语 “be in favor of” 使用恰当、正确。
②转折词however巧妙地转到相反方面。本句中多个搭配使用也准确恰当,如prefer to go out for traveling, increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons等。
③作者能准确使用动词-ing形式作主语和动词-ing形式作宾语及cause sb.to do sth.句型, 展现了作者扎实的语言功底。
④for引导的原因状语从句委婉、准确。另外such as引导的几个动词-ing形
式也增加了文章的亮点。
⑥ consequently用来陈述看法, 显得地道、正式。
记叙文 ( 写人)
写作指南
(1)人物介绍的写作特点:
写人物介绍时, 要以人为主导, 所写的事是为衬托人物服务的。写作时, 外貌的描写、性格的刻画等都要服务于人物, 不可喧宾夺主、本末倒置。
(2)在写作细节上, 写人的记叙文要注意以下几点: ①介绍人物: 详略有致。
在进行人物类记叙文写作时, 要全面且细微, 有特色而不落俗套。另外, 叙述事情时, 要突出重点, 详略得当。还可以有意识地采用类似“设置悬念”、“前后呼应”的写作手法, 以引起读者的兴趣。
②突出特点: 立体刻画。
多从人物的特征、爱好、品德、成绩入手, 突出立体形象。人物的动作、言语如何记叙, 表达上都应该仔细地推敲。
③深入挖掘: 提升内涵。
此部分为人物描写的精髓部分, 要多讴歌积极向上的精神和思想, 这是文章升华之处, 也是作文的思想核心。
(3)写作段落布局
第一段:总说; 第二段:具体介绍个人情况、事迹; 第三段:结尾 (评价)。
常用句型
①...was born in a poor/rich family. ……出生在一个贫穷/富裕的家庭里。 ②He/She is a kind-hearted /cool /handsome/charming/pretty person, so
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we all respect/like him /her.
他/她是一个心地善良/冷静/潇洒/迷人/漂亮的人, 所以我们都尊敬/喜欢他/她。 ③She is a lovely girl, with a round face, big eyes, white teeth and long waving hair. 她是一个可爱的姑娘,圆脸、大眼睛、雪白的牙齿,还留着波浪式的长发。 ④At the age of...he/she moved to...and then graduated... 在……岁时, 他/她搬到了……后来毕业于……
⑤He spent his whole childhood in...在……地方他度过了他的整个童年时期。 ⑥He devoted his life time to (doing)… 他一生致力于…… ⑦He was honored as...for... 他因为……获得……的荣誉。
⑧He is considered to be one of the greatest... 他被认为是最伟大的……之一 ⑨He is such a(n)...person that we all...him. 他是如此…的人以至于我们都…他。 写作实例
假如你是李华, 请给校刊主编写一封信, 建议大家学习斯蒂芬·霍金。词数: 100左右。开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
斯蒂芬·霍金, 1942年出生, 获物理学博士学位, 在英国剑桥大学从事研究工作。21岁的时候就开始出现症状, 到后来他全身只有一只手的手指能够活动。虽然他患有日趋严重的疾病, 但是他决定继续从事研究和写作。他在只有一只手的手指能够活动
的情况下,仍然能讲话、阅读和写作。他的著作《时间简史》在1988年成了畅销书
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you something about Stephen Hawking. And I hope all the students in our school should learn from him.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yorus , Li Hua 1.文体信息
(1) 体裁: 记叙文 (写人)
(2) 时态: 因此篇记叙斯蒂芬·霍金过去的事情,故用一般过去时态。 (3) 人称: 第三人称
2.思路点拨
本篇的提示给我们提供了斯蒂芬·霍金较为充裕的信息, 在内容方面应该围绕这些信息进行叙述。但是, 要避免出现就要点翻译要点的情况, 应该对这些要点进行重新加工, 根据记叙文的段落要求, 合理分配, 对这些信息进行重组。在叙述时还可充分挖掘自己的表达潜力, 尽量使用高档次的词、句型, 如非谓语、各种从句等, 以提升文章的档次。
Dear Editor,
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I’m writing to tell you something about Stephen Hawking. And I hope all the students in our school should learn from him.
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942.① He took his doctor’s degree in physics and did research at Cambridge University in England. By the age of 21 he already had begun to notice ②that it was difficult for him to move around without falling over. ③Though suffering a disease of the brain which was getting worse, he decided to continue with his research and his writing. He ④tried his best to find ways that would make it possible for him to speak, read and write even if he could later only move the fingers of one hand. In 1988 his book A Brief History of Time became a best-seller.
Yours, Li Hua
点评: ①运用并列句概述其工作和成就, take a doctor’s degree和do research都为高档短语。
②it is difficult for sb. to do sth. 这一高级句型的运用, 提升了表达的档次。
③非谓语作状语结合定语从句的运用, 反映出作者具有较为扎实的语法功底和运用语言的能力。
④动词短语try one’s best, 句型make it possible for sb. to do sth. 及状语从句even if...的运用, 显示作者掌握了较多的短语和句型, 对从句运用自如。
记叙文(写事)
写作指南
以写事为主的记叙文, 在写作时同样要注意记叙七要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、经过、结果), 注意描写的先后顺序以及记事顺序、记事的相对完整性,注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结果。近来高考的命题有了一种新的变化,即在记叙的基础上添加了议论的成分, 这一点在备考中要加以注意。
常用句型
①I was about to do...when... 我正要做……, 这时突然…… ②Tired as we were, we still felt quite happy. 尽管我们很累, 我们仍然感到很快乐。
③It was snowing/ raining heavily on Monday morning.
星期一早上, 天正在下大雪/雨。
④Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.
昨晚, 我正忙着准备测验, 这时我听到了一声巨响。
⑤On my way home, I came across an old friend. 在我回家的路上, 我遇到了一位老朋友。
⑥The sun was shining and the birds were singing. 阳光明媚, 鸟儿歌唱。
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⑦I learned from the experience that...
通过这次经历我学会了……(的道理)。
写作实例
在上周一次英语考试中你的同学李红不会答题, 想偷看你的答案, 请写一篇短文,描述事情的经过、你的反应、事后的解释以及你对友谊的理解。
1.可以适当增加细节; 2.词数100左右。
1.文体信息
(1) 体裁格式: 记叙文格式 (2) 主体时态:一般过去时 (3) 中心人称:第一人称
2.思路点拨
内容要点: 在上周一次英语考试中你的同学李红不会答题, 想偷看你的答案; 要求你描述事情的经过及你的反应、事后的解释以及你对友谊的理解。在叙述事情的经过时, 要注意:
(1)按事情发生的顺序进行描述; (2)注意描述心理状态; (3)如何重归于好的;
(4)适当对细节进行一下想象发挥。
①We had an English exam last week. ②When I was busy doing my exercises, my classmate Li Hong wanted to cheat in the exam by looking at my paper. I felt it wrong at that moment. But we are good friends, so how can I say no when she asks for help?
③In my opinion, honesty is more important than the score. ④Therefore, I finally did not show her my answers. After the exam, I explained to Li Hong why I refused her at that time. She accepted my explanation and we are good friends again.
⑤Just as the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” A true friend is a person who can really help you in the correct way.
点评:①文章开头点明了人物、时间和地点。
② 一个高档句式说明了所发生的事情。
③in my opinion为一地道的短语, 引出个人的观点和看法。 ④therefore为一表示因果关系的高档词汇。
⑤恰当的使用谚语来增强语言的表达力度。
提纲类
提纲类作文, 也称文字信息类作文。
命题人通过汉语、英语给出写作提纲, 要求考生根据给出的提纲, 确定文章的中心, 然后紧紧围绕中心表达提纲的主旨提纲既体现了文章的层次, 又规定了各段大体的内容, 为考生提供了一条思路, 稍加思索、计划、整理即可成文。但缺点是, 如果审题不当, 反而容易丢分。另外, 它的限定性较大, 不理解提纲所展现的内容
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或所需用的词汇, 就会感到难以下笔。
这种作文一般要求按照下列4个步骤完成: 1.列全要点, 即提纲要点化。
2.扩展成具体的句子, 即要点句式化。这是体现一个考生写作水平的关键: 要避免英语汉语化和句式单一重复, 尽可能正确地使用中、高级词汇和复杂的句式。
3.连句成文。注意要有承上启下的过渡句和紧扣主题的收尾句。句子与句子之间,段落之间要有合理的过渡衔接。
4.整理誊写。要书写工整、卷面整洁。
常用模板
提纲类作文包含有常见的不同体裁, 如:应用文(通知、日记、书信、发言稿等)、记叙文、议论文或说明文, 其常用句型或模板可根据文体类型加以确定。常用句型已在前面列出, 下面给出几个常用的写作模板。
模板一: 通知
Notice ①主办单位will organize＿＿＿. ②＿＿＿. ③This activity aims to＿＿＿ .④This activity is arranged to last＿＿＿ or so. ⑤It is planned to begin on＿＿＿ .⑥The team members will be arranged to＿＿＿ .⑦Your main task is to＿＿＿ . ⑧Anyone who＿＿＿ is welcomed warmly. ⑨Those who are interested can contact＿＿＿ for further information. ⑩Looking forward to your active participation. 签发单位 模板二：日记 Date Weather ①Today＿＿＿. ②Sb. gathered at＿＿＿ early in the morning and started together. /I started 时间.③When＿＿, sb＿＿＿. ④Then＿＿＿. ⑤事情进一步发展的时间, we/sb＿＿＿. ⑥After that, ＿＿＿. ⑦Some＿＿＿. ⑧We had such a good time that we＿＿＿. ⑨At last, ＿＿＿. ⑩I’ll never forget the memorable day! 日期 天气 ①开门见山, 点出主题 ②写明时间、地点, 表明事情的开端 ③事情发生的开始 ④叙述事情的发展 ⑤按时间顺序, 叙述事情进一步发展状况 ⑥说明事情发展的高潮 ⑦进一步补充说明事情发展的高潮 ⑧表明个人的看法或感受 ⑨事情的结束 ⑩总结全文, 再次抒发自己的感情 通知 ①交代活动的主办单位和时间 ②概括描写活动内容 ③交代活动的主要目的 ④交代活动的持续时间 ⑤活动的具体时间 ⑥描述活动的具体内容 ⑦参加人员的主要任务 ⑧说明活动的参加条件 ⑨交代参加的联系方式 ⑩发出呼吁, 诚邀参加 25
模板三：书信(建议类) Date 日期 Dear＿＿＿ , 称呼 ①I’m so glad to receive your letter asking ①提出写信的原因 for my advice on＿＿＿ . ②过渡句引出建议 ②Here are a few suggestions. ③Firstly, it ③提出建议一 is important to＿＿＿ .④A s you’ll＿＿④建议一的理由 ＿.⑤Then, it also helps＿＿＿. ⑥Furthermore, it should be a good idea to⑤提出建议二 ＿＿＿ .⑦ Because＿＿＿ .⑧You can also＿⑥提出建议三 ⑦建议三的理由 ＿＿ .⑨I’m quite sure that＿＿＿ . ⑩ Please＿＿＿ next time. ⑧提出建议四 Best wishes! ⑨建议四的理由 Yours sincerely, ⑩表达出本人的期望或Signature 希望对方作出回应 模板四: 书信(求职信) Dear Sir/Madam , ①I’m_______./It affords me much pleasure to recommend_______________. ②When/During__________, _______.③I think/find ___________. ④It is a good opportunity______. ⑤Therefore, I recommend myself to you without hesitation. /I can state that I have all the qualities of being________. ⑥As_______, I am________. ⑦I think it is a kind of win-win activity. ⑧For one thing, I can help___________. ⑨For another, ______________. Your favorable consideration of my application will be most appreciated. ⑩If further information about my qualification is needed, please feel free to let me know. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Signature 写作实例 称呼 ①表明身份,自我介绍 ②表明自荐的原因 ③表明自己对事情的看法一 ④表明自己对事情的看法二 ⑤竭力自荐 ⑥介绍自己 ⑦表明这岗位或某岗位对自己的意义 ⑧表明自己能胜任的理由之一 ⑨表明自己能胜任的理由之二 ⑩再次表达自荐之意表达希望尽快得到对方的回复 最近, 我们学校的学生对老师有没有必要严格管理学生一事产生了热议。有的学生认为老师严格好, 严师出高徒;还有的学生认为老师应善待学生, 不必对学生苛刻。请据此信息, 写一篇100词左右的短文, 并谈谈你的看法。
注意:开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
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Recently, in our school among the students there has arisen a heated discussion on whether or not it is necessary for a teacher to be strict with students.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 本文为提纲类议论文, 谈论的话题为: 老师严格好不好。 (2)时态: 本文议论的是学生们目前的看法, 用一般现在时。 (3)人称: 根据主题内容可用第三人称。
2.思路点拨
观点对比一类的文章, 通常分为三段来写: (1)提出本文要议论的问题; (2)表述两种观点或看法; (3)提出自己的观点和看法。
因为本文已将要议论的问题提出, 因此, 只需要表述两种观点或看法和提出自己的观点和看法即可。其中表述两种观点或看法时也可再分为两部分。
Recently, in our school among the students there has arisen a heated discussion on whether or not it is necessary for a teacher to be strict with students.
There are two different opinions on this issue among the students. About 64% of the students think a teacher should be strict with his students. ①Just as a proverb goes, a strict teacher produces outstanding students. In addition, a strict teacher has great influence on students and can make them learn more. ②However, there are about 34% of the students ③who hold the view that a teacher should be kind to students ④and that there is no need for teachers to be hard on students. They believe all roads lead to Rome. Every student should be given his or her own space of choice.
⑤As far as I am concerned, a teacher should be both kind and strict. ⑥Only in this way can a teacher gain respect and interest from his students and get what is expected from students. 点评:本篇作文为一正反两种观点的议论文。除段落清晰明了外, 文字表达方
面具有很多 “亮点”:
①运用谚语来增强议论力度。Just as a proverb goes这一固定短语的使用提升了文章的档次。
②表示转折关系的词汇however运用得准确、地道, 引出反面意见, 从中可见作者娴熟的语言运用能力。
③④不同从句的准确运用反映作者扎实的语法功底。
⑤用as far as I am concerned这一高端词语, 引出个人的观点和看法。
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⑥倒装句是一高档句型, 它的运用能使议论文结尾干净利落。
图画类
写作指南
图画类书面表达主要以图画为载体、附带少量文字提示或说明, 要求考生从观察入手, 通过对画面意思的理解, 发挥想象力, 按照一定的要求把图画内容准确、生动地加工成书面语言。
针对此类题型, 考生在写作时应该注意以下几方面:
①首先, 应仔细阅读图画及文字说明以确定文章体裁。这类文章一般以记叙文或说明文为主。
②确定人称。若以日记、回忆录等形式来写, 一般采用第一人称; 若以讲故事的形式来写, 一般采用第三人称。
③确定时态。根据图画内容及所采用的文章体裁, 确定文章要使用的时态。 ④发挥联想要合理、适度。这类文章一般要求考生做适度的联想和发挥, 以便使上下文能更好地连贯起来。但联想和发挥一定要根据图画,做到合情合理。
⑤虚实结合, 详略得当。对于图画中的内容, 要注意详略得当。如图画中所出现的时间、数字或言论须一词不漏地写清楚, 而有些过程或原因则可适当简化。
常用句型
① As is vividly described in the picture above, ... 正如上面这幅图画所生动描述的那样……
② The picture indicates/conveys that... 这幅图表明/传达…… ③ This cartoon tells/warns us that... 这幅漫画告诉/告诫我们…… ④ The purpose of the picture is to... 图画的目的是…… ⑤ According to the picture above, we can see that...
通过上面的图画, 我们得知……
⑥ This picture brings...back to... 这幅画让……回到了…… ⑦ Let’s look at the picture above. 让我们看一下上面的图片。 ⑧ It’s obvious that... 很明显…… 常用模板 As is vividly described in the picture above, _______ (描述图画内容). This picture brings________(主题) back to______________ (对象) (利用各种从句对主题的进一步解释). The difference is that ______________________________(图画内容与社会现实的比对), since_____________________(列举造成这种现象的各种原因). As far as I’m concerned, _________________(列举自己的观点). _______________________ (用具体事例证明自己的观点). Only in this way can________________________ (用倒装句来强调自己观点的必要性). 写作实例
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请根据下面图画所反映的内容,写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
要点如下:
1.简要描述图画内容;
2.阐明产生这种现象的原因并发表自己的观点;
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 本文为图画文字提示类议论文。
(2)时态: 本文议论的是目前一种不良的社会现象——青少年吸烟, 用一般现在时。
(3)人称: 根据主题内容, 可用第三人称。
2.思路点拨
本文给出图画和部分文字要求, 根据这些信息及文体特点, 可将本文分三段: 第一段: 点题, 目前一种不良的社会现象——青少年吸烟; 第二段: 分析出现此现象的原因; 第三段: 阐述自己的看法或建议。
①As is shown in the picture, smoking among teenagers has become a serious problem of our society. Nowadays, ②not only boys but also girls smoke at school, which should raise public concern. ③There are several factors accounting for this phenomenon. ④On one hand, it is the heavy burden from study and exams that causes teenagers to smoke for a short moment of relief. ⑤On the other hand, there are some super stars smoking in films and TV programs, ⑥whose attractive images become what teenagers try to copy. ⑦What’s more , many see smoking as a cool behavior, thinking it can draw others’ attention.
⑧As far as I’m concerned, health is to us what water is to fish. ⑨For one thing, smoking does do harm to our health, which will lead to serious diseases, even death. ⑩For another, smoking often causes fires, leading to the loss of our properties and lives. Moreover, it’s a waste of money, which undoubtedly affects our study and life. To conclude, keeping away from cigarettes is a must for all of us.
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点评: ① 运用地道句式“as is shown in the picture”点题——目前一种不良
的社会现象——青少年吸烟。
② 用关联词not only...but also...(此为高档句型)来表达此种现象的普遍性。 ③ 分析出现此现象的原因。
④ 用关联词语分析产生此现象的原因。本篇中多处使用了此类关联词, 如: ⑤ ⑦ ⑨ ⑩, 这使文章脉络更加清晰, 逻辑关系更加顺畅
⑥ 非限制性定语从句的运用, 体现出作者驾驭长难句的能力。
⑧ 用as far as I’m concerned来阐述自己的观点, 句型运用地道。health is to us what water is to fish为一高级句式, 提升了文章的档次。
图表类
写作指南
图表类书面表达往往给考生提供一份统计图表和简单的文字表述, 让考生根据统计图表所提供的数据, 结合文字提示及试题的注意事项或要求, 写一篇说明一种事实或反映一种现象的短文。图表给读者提供简洁、明了的信息, 使读者能够一目了然地明白一个事实或一种现象。这种图表在日常生活中得以广泛应用, 实用性强。图表中的数据信息往往较多, 写作时不能把各种数据都写出来。首先要读懂其中的符号和数字所代表的意思; 其次, 从图表的整体着手, 认真分析各项数据,抓住其主要特征, 弄懂它们所揭示的规律, 然后归纳出主题。有时, 试题给出了短文的题目, 等于为考生点明了主题。
在书写图表类作文时, 要注意以下几点:
1.认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题, 弄清设计者想通过图表来反映的信息、问题或现象。
2.对于曲线图, 要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息, 并注意交会点在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位; 对于流程图, 要按流程顺序进行适当的逻辑推理; 对于柱状图和饼状图, 要比较各部分所占的比例来判断事物的动态发展趋势, 关注坐标线的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明; 对于平, 要仔细观察, 理解图表的真正含义,按一定的逻辑顺序, 有层次地进行表述。
常用句型
①As is apparently shown in the chart /graph above, ... 正如上表所明显呈现的,… ②The diagram shows that... 图表表明……
③The number of students has been rising/ decreasing from ... in 2010 to... in 2011. 学生数由2010年的……增加/减少到2011年的……
④From the decline/rise in the chart, we can see/conclude...
从表中上升/下降来看, 我们可以得出结论……
⑤There are several main factors/ reasons leading to this change.
有几种主要因素/ 原因导致了这种变化。
⑥It is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are the main
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factors/reasons. 人们通常认为以上提到的原因是主要因素。
⑦As far as I am concerned,… / In my opinion, … 依我看/ 我认为…… ⑧I hold the point of view that... 我个人观点是…… As is shown/ seen/ described by the figure/ percentage in the table (graph/ picture/ chart), the ____________ has been on the rise/ decrease/ the ___________ goes up (increases /drops /decreases) significantly/ steadily. The diagram shows that_____________. The number of____________ has been rising/ decreasing from_________(数据一) in_____________ (某时) to _____________ (数据二) in_____________ (某时). From the decline/ rise in the chart, we can see/ conclude/ know that _____________ (某现象). There are several main factors/ reasons leading to this change. For one thing, (原因一) ___________.For another, (原因二) __________. In addition, (原因三) ______________is responsible for it. Maybe there are some other reasons. But it is generally believed that the reasons mentioned above are the main factors/ reasons. As far as I am concerned, / In my opinion, / I hold the point of view that____________(个人观点). I think we should____________(采取某种措施). In this way__________(得到某种结果)。 写作实例 假设你是红星中学高中学生李华, 最近, 你校学生会对影响学生课外阅读的因素进行了调查, 结果见下图。请根据图示提供的信息给某英文报纸写信, 反映调查的实际情况, 并寻求建议。什么影响了他们的课外阅读?
1.文体信息
(1)体裁: 本文为图表文字提示类作文;
(2)时态: 本文是对目前影响学生课外阅读的因素的调查, 应该用一般现在时态; (3)人称: 根据主题内容可用第三人称。
2.思路点拨
本文给出图表和部分文字要求, 根据图表中的信息, 写作时可分为三段来写: (1) 解读图表中的数据;
(2) 简要分析产生此现象的原因; (3)希望或呼吁。
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Dear editor,
Our students’ union has recently conducted a survey on what may affect students’ outside-class reading. ①As is shown in the chart, as many as 72% of the students think that now many teachers leave too much home work, which troubles students. They can hardly have time for outside-class reading because of the heavy burden of the school work.16% think their parents don’t support it. ②It seems that children should devote most of the time to studying every day. ③And only in this way can their children achieve success as soon as possible. 8% of the surveyed say the opening time of the library is too short and the number of books is limited. ④It’s difficult to meet their demands. ⑤Furthermore, the rest (4%) of the students hold the view that the price of books is too high.
⑥We hope that homework will be reduced so that we can take part in more outside-class reading. Could you give me some advice about how to encourage our reading? Your reply will be appreciated.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
点评: ①开篇提出由于过重的课业负担, 致使课外阅读无法开展, 信息论点正确, 语言有力。which 引导一个非限定性定语从句。as is shown in the chart, as many as 72% of the students 结构较为复杂, 说明作者有着尤为扎实的英语基本
功。
②该句使用了高级句型: It seems that...表示“似乎……”。其中含有devote...to...这一高级词汇, 这些都展示了作者在用英语表达自己思想方面能得心应手。句型较为高级, 作者准确表达学校、家长甚至整个社会应倡导减轻学生的学习压力, 让他们有更多的时间阅读好书。
③only引出的状语置于句首, 后面使用倒装句, 属于高级句型。 ④it作形式主语的运用有效避免了头重脚轻, 让句子稳健漂亮。 ⑤furthermore作为过渡词, 增强了表达的流畅性。
⑥本句为一复合句, 其中含有宾语从句和状语从句, 体现了作者扎实的英语基本功。
开放类
开放作文, 其特点是图片提供了一定的信息。但考生在写作过程中, 不能把文章内容仅仅拘泥于图画表层, 而是需要对图片内容进行理解、加工, 挖掘其中的内涵。此外, 因为此题目具有一定的开放性, 考生可以充分展开自己的想象力, 把图中所蕴含的深刻内容用自己独到的语言表述出来, 从而为文章确定好写作主题。
开放作文一般不提供具体的情景, 也没有固定的模式限制, 但其体裁和词数仍
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然要受制于所提供的内容。做此类题型时, 审题非常关键。还要根据所判定的体裁打开思路, 发挥想象。写此类作文时, 要突出重点, 直奔主题, 不要随意发挥。
常用句型
①So it is a better choice to... 因此……是更好的选择。
②Therefore, when we are let down, it is wise to have a positive attitude.
因此, 当我们遭遇挫折时, 怀有积极的态度是很明智的。
③This kind of phenomenon is not unusual in our society.
这种现象在我们的社会里很常见。
④I think that this picture tries to tell us that we should always look into the future with hope and confidence.
我想这幅图是想告诉我们应该一直满怀希望和信心展望未来。
⑤On one hand, I don’t think it’s right to sleep in class.
一方面, 我认为在课堂上睡觉是不对的。
⑥In my opinion, too much love will spoil us.
在我看来, 过分溺爱对我们是有害的。
⑦From the picture, I can see a mother bird flying in the sky.
从这幅图上我看到一只鸟妈妈在天上飞翔。
⑧From the picture we can draw a conclusion that...
从这幅图里, 我们可以得出……的结论。
写作实例
请根据下面提示及图画,写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
In an English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to the class how you understand it.
1.文体信息
(1) 体裁: 开放式——夹叙夹议类作文; (2) 时态: 一般现在时态; (3) 人称: 第三人称。
2.思路点拨
(1)首先要仔细审图, 并对画中的含义加以描述;
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(2)分析产生这种现象的原因; (3)你的看法或建议。
在陈述个人观点时, 为了条理清晰起见,可使first(ly), second(ly)等过渡衔接词。
①As can be seen from the picture, a school boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.
②What has caused students’ heavy learning loads in China? ③Firstly, most teachers intend to give their students a lot of exercises to do after school in order to let them review their lessons. ④Secondly, some parents hold the opinion that to have their children taken into college they must force their children to spend their time on their lessons at home.
⑤Just as a proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”. In my opinion, teachers and parents should ⑥not always force their children to study but should give them some time to relax and have fun so that they can grow healthily.
点评: ① 文章首句用了一个复合句, 一句话准确的表述出图中所含的意思。as 引导的非限制性定语从句, such...that...状语从句, it seems as if...句型及动词短语be burdened with等高档词、句的运用, 一开始就给人们展示出作者高超的
语言基本功和娴熟驾驭语言的能力。
② 用一设问句导入对此现象的剖析, 能够引人深思、吸引读者的注意力。表达手法非常具有力度。
③ ④first(ly), second(ly) 等过渡衔接词的运用, 使得论证更加条理、清晰。hold the opinion that... “持……观点; 认为……” 及句型 “have sb. done”
都属于高档表达方法, 提升了文章的档次。
⑤ 恰当地运用谚语, 大大地增加了文章的说服力度。
⑥ 关联词not...but... “不是……而是……” 鲜明地表明了作者对此现象的态度, 同时也起到提醒家长和老师的作用, 指导他们该如何正确对待孩子们的学习。
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