＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？(即所要说明和描述的人或事物) 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途) 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
A
Have you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping(形成模式化观念).
A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not.
One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing(i.e. thinking)we have to do when we meet a new person.
Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.
When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls.
Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that \"Men are better drivers than women\"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors.
30. The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________. A. boys and girls prefer different toys B. boys and girls are treated unfairly C. people sometimes mix children's likes D. people have fixed ideas on things
31. Which of the following stereotypes is useful? A. Making friends by his appearance. B. Boys do better in science than girls. C. Youth easily do unreasonable things. D. Red signs on the road warn us of danger.
32. The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________. A. fail to notice
B. fail to trust
C. fail to search
D. fail to face
33. What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping? A. Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides.
B. It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations. C. Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard. D. Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes.
B
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You Are What You Eat
Genetic (基因的) engineering is the scientific change of the genetic material in a living thing. It allows scientists to identify specific genes, to remove them from a living thing’s chromosomes(染色体), improve them, analyze them, and possibly clone them, and to then reinsert the changed gene into the original living thing, or a completely different living things. Unlike traditional breeding (繁殖), where a desired quality would be bred within the same kind of living things, genetic engineering can insert desired ones into living things of different kinds. Wow ... did you catch that?
Genetic engineering creates many positive contributions to agriculture. For example, by genetically engineered (GE) foods, anti-cancer agents, minerals and vitamins can be increased. Improved taste, shelf life, and better transport are all possible. Also, GE plants can increase pest and bacterial resistance(抵抗力), therefore, making the food safe for the consumers.
But some argue that the possible negative effects outweigh the positives, and critics are starting to voice their worries. Unlike Europe, in the United States labeling(贴标签)is not required on genetically engineered foods or on foods that contain genetically engineered products. Most Americans do not realize that they are, in fact, eating GE foods.
The public is also concerned about the unknown health risks. With limited understanding of genes, scientists cannot predict possible effects. Because most genes introduced into GE plants come from sources not introduced into the human body, it is impossible to know if they will cause reactions. Moreover, due to the lack of labeling, if allergies(过敏)develop, it will be extremely difficult to find the origin of them.
There is also a major moral question in many minds. For many, the conflict is not if it is safe or not, but it disturbs them because it is unnatural and unnecessary. We are currently producing one and a half times the amount of food needed to feed the world, yet one in seven people are starving. So GE food is unnecessary, and fails to address the root of hunger. Many believe that the only people who will benefit are the corporations that produce it.
Scientists cannot foresee the possible effects of GE foods, yet we eat them every day without even knowing it. We already have enough food, so why create more that could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we know for sure how these foods will affect us, they are not worth the risk.
27. According to the passage, traditional breeding is different from genetic engineering because________. A. traditional breeding changes the genes in the same kind of living things
B. traditional breeding takes place within the same kind of living things C. traditional breeding is more scientific
D. traditional breeding changes the genes in different kinds of living things 28. According to Paragraph 5, GE food is unnecessary because ________. A. customers will benefit from GE food B. we’re now producing more food than before C. it won’t help solve the problem of hunger in the world D. there are obvious dangers in producing GE food 29 What is the writer’s writing purpose?
A. To introduce genetic engineering’s positive contributions to agriculture. B. To welcome genetic engineering and GE food.
C. To discuss the differences between GE food and other food.
D To tell people to keep GE food off before their influence on us is clear.
D
not a bear. He’s a KOALA.
People in Australia love koalas and take care of them. They have set up places for them to live safely. No one can
kill them for their pretty fur. When a koala is born, he has no fur. And he is not as big as your little toe！The mother koala has a pocket in the front of her body. The baby goes into this warm pocket. There he stays for six months.
When the baby leaves the pocket, he has much fur. And he is about as big as your shoe. He climbs to his mother’s
back. He rides there while she teaches him how to find food. Mrs. Koala is a loving mother. She takes good care of her baby. But when he is bad, she beats him! The baby cries just as a small child does. If he keeps on crying, his mother beats him again. When he stops crying, she takes him in her arms. And then they both go to sleep for a while.
The koala could not live without a special kind of tree. The tree gives him both his home and his food. For most of the day, the koala sleeps in the tree.
At night, the koala looks for food. He may go miles to find it. He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree. He eats nothing else. And he eats more than two pounds each night!
It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia. We should protect the environment and care more about wildlife, and then we will see the smiling faces of lovely koalas again,
..Round eyes, round head, round ears, round body! What is this lovely little animal? He looks like a bear. But he is
59. People in Australia_________. A. set up places for koalas to live safely C. raise baby koalas in their pockets
B. put koalas in the tree D. keep koalas in their homes
60. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree because_________. A. they have to keep cool under the tree C. they live in the tree and get food from it
B. they eat the fruit on the tree D. they stay in the tree all the time
61. Which of the following is True according to the passage? A. Koalas only live in Australia and we should protect them. B. Australians look after koalas at home and give them enough food. C. Thousands of koalas hid themselves safely in the bush fires months ago. D. There are no differences between our food and koalas’ food.
E
Doctor Seuss was born in 1904. By the middle 1950s, he had become one of the best-loved and most successful children's book writers in the world. His books are very popular with young readers. They enjoy the invented words and the pictures of unusual funny animals and plants.
In 1954, life magazine published a report about school children who could not read. The report said many children's books were not interesting. Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read. He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish. He did not receive training in art. Yet, he drew the pictures for most of his books.
In 1957, Dr. Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat. He used less than 230 words to write the book and even a six-year-old should be able to read it. It was a fun story and easy to read. Children loved it. Their parents loved it, too. Today it is still one of the stories they like best. The success of The Cat in the Hat made him want to write more books for children. In 1960, he wrote a book using less than fifty words. The book is called Green Eggs and Ham.
In 1984, Doctor Seuss won a Pulitzer Prize (普利策奖). He was honored for the education and enjoyment his books provided American children and their parents.
He died at the age of 87, but his influence remains. Millions of his books have been sold worldwide. People say his books helped change the way American children learned to read. Yet, his books are loved by people of all ages. Doctor Seuss once said, \"I do not write for children. I write for people.\" 65. Doctor Seuss learned from the magazine that _________. A. some school children could not read B. many children's books were interesting C. children wanted to learn to read D. a writer for children was wanted
66. Doctor Seuss_________ to make his book interesting and easy to read. A. sold his books in large outdoor theme parks
B. used words with the same ending sound and drew pictures C. sold his books with some free toys to the children D. used as many simple words and sentences as possible 67. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Doctor Seuss wrote books only for children in the United States. B Doctor Seuss wrote Green Eggs and Ham with more than 230 words. C. The Cat in the Hat was written only for six-year-old children. D. His books provided education and enjoyment for children and parents. 68. From the text we know that Doctor Seuss_________. A. won a Pulitzer Prize soon after his death B. sold millions of his books himself worldwide C. changed American children's way of reading D. wrote the largest number of books in the world
F
.Has anyone ever told you that eating carrots will help you see in the dark? This is just one of many incorrect beliefs you may have heard. Below, TEENS has picked out scientific explanations for three mistakes that people make about their eyes. Let's take a look.
Can eating carrots improve your eyesight?
Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which helps the eyes to turn light into information for your brain. This allows
people to see in darker places. However, eating more carrots won't help you see better. A certain minimum amount will help, but a large number of carrots will not give you superhuman vision.
If your parents have bad eyesight, will you have bad eyesight, too?
Myopia( 近 视 ) can be passed from parents to children. A study by the American Optometric Association found that if both parents are myopic, there's a 33 to 60 percent chance that their child will be. For children who have one parent with myopia, the chance is 23 to 40 percent, and it's down to 6 to 15 percent for kids with non-myopic parents. So if your eyesight is bad, your children might still have good vision.
Do color blind people see the world in black and white?
Color blindness doesn't usually mean that people see the world like an old movie. They usually can't tell certain colors apart, especially green and red. Another commonly confused pair of colors is yellow and blue. Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light. If these cells don't work properly, color blindness occurs. There are different levels of color blindness. Some people are only color blind in low light. However, in the most serious form of color blindness, everything is shades of gray. 26. According to the article, eating carrots________. A. stops the brain from seeing C. will help you see clearly in the dark
B. doesn't help you see better at all D. is good for your eyes to some degree
27. If both parents have myopia, their child's chance of having good eyesight is________. A. 40-67%
B. 33-60%
C. 23-40%
D. 6-15%
28. The underline word“occurs”in this passage probably means________. A. 恶化
B. 发生
C. 改善
D. 加深
29. What is the cause of color blindness according to the text? A. Watching movies for too long . C. Cone cells not working properly. 30. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To offer some advice on protecting your eyes. B. To clear up some misunderstandings about our eyes. C. To provide help for improving your vision.
D. To explain how bad eyesight and color blindness form.
G
From video games and museums to medical training, VR(virtual reality, 虚拟现实)has been changing our lives
B. Getting too little exercise. D. Changes in the wavelength of light.
for the better. However, this wonderful new technology has a so-far unsolvable problem: It may make people feel sick from the VR experience. The feeling of sickness, caused by VR, is called cybersickness.
\"With modern VR systems, the possibility of cybersickness after only 15 minutes' experience is from 40 to 70 percent,\" Thomas Stoffiregen, a researcher at the University of Minnesota, US said. This sickness is probably caused by sensory conflict (感觉冲突)，explained Stoffregen. When you are wearing a VR headset, your body's motion sensors cannot match the information received by your eyes. For example, when we wear a VR headset and ride a virtual roller-coaster, we think we are going up and down, but our bodies stay still. It leads to the loss of balance. Sickness is from our bodies' natural reaction to the experience. Adding to this problem, women are more likely to feel sick from the VR experience than men.
According to a study by Bas Rokers, a scientist at the University of Wiscons in-Madison, US, one reason could be the headsets. To work properly, VR headsets must match up with your PD (pupil distance, 瞳距). Since they are designed larger PD, not everyone gets the best experience. Rokers found the larger PD distance is, the greater discomfort will cause. Based on his studies, about 90 percent of women have a shorter PD than the headset is made and that's the reason why women are more likely to have cybersickness.
Cybersickness prevents the widespread use of VR technology. Once it becomes comfortable and easy to use, however, it could play a great role in our lives. 8. Which is Right about cybersickness? A. It's a common problem with VR technology. C. It's more possible for young people to feel sick.
B. It is caused by one's poor sense of direction. D. It only happens to women and children.
9. The example of riding a virtual roller-coaster is used to _________. A. tell what it is like to have cybersickness C. tell people how to avoid cybersickness
10. Why are women more likely to have cybersickness? A. They have a poor sense of direction. C. VR headsets are too large for their PDs.
11. What does the writer think of the VR technology?
A. The VR technology has already played a great role in our lives
B. explain how cybersickness is caused D. show how cybersickness influences people
B. VR headsets are only made for men. D. They are easy to lose balance.
B. There is still something to do before VR technology plays a great role. C. The VR technology is comfortable and easy to use for everyone
.D. It's impossible for VR technology to be popular in the future.
A【2020 •广东省】
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world. 26. MEP was started to ________. A. raise more elephants in Mali C. discover water source for elephants
B. stop the main lake from drying up D. protect the elephants’ living environment
27. What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A. 公平的
B. 亏损的
C. 非法的
D. 合理的
28. Eighty-three elephants were lost ________. A. in 2012
B. in 2015
C. in 2016
D. in 2020
29. We can learn from the last paragraph that ________. A. the number of organizations has dropped C. the local people keep the elephants at home 30. This passage is mainly about ________. A. the rules of using land and water C. the work of Mali Elephant Project
B. the education of the local people D. the situation of Gourma Desert elephants B. there is much less elephant poaching now D. the whole world live peacefully with elephants
B【2020 •黔南州】
Our parents are important people in our life. They are our first teachers in our life. They love us and help us all the time. But do you want to get on well with them? Here are some ways to help you to be happy with your parents.
Have fun together
How much time do you spend just enjoying being with each other? Ask your parents to play with you. Go outside together, try some sports, or go to the movies.
Be Kind
Little things may bring a lot to your parents. Make a meal for them by yourself and that can make your parents happy.
Ask for help
When you are in trouble or meet some sad things, you can ask your parents for help and advice. They will be happy to listen to you and help you.
Have a try
You don’t have to be the best but you need to have a try. They will be happy to see you have the courage to achieve your dream. It lets them know they’re doing a good job in helping you grow up. 31. Why are our parents important persons for us? A They teach us first in class. C. They always give us a hand.
B. They love us sometimes. D. They are happy all the time.
32. How many suggestions does the writer give us in the text? A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
33. How do you have fun with your parents? A. Read a book together. C. Tell them funny things.
34. What should you do if you have a problem? A. Listen to your teachers.
B. Ask your parents for help. B. Help with housework. D. Go outside together.
.C. Turn to your friends around.
35. The best title for this ad is __________. A. How to Love and Teach Kids C. How to Keep Happy with Your Parents
D. Try to be the best of yourself.
B. How to Talk with Your Parents D. How to Try to Be the Best of Yourself
C【2020 •遵义市】
①Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life. Sometimes it's easy to see. At other times, it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work, but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals (化学物质) in it.
②Chemistry helps to make products for use. Something as simple as toothpaste has at least three chemicals that keep your teeth clean. Other things in your daily life are created by chemistry, such as hair products and soap. Without chemistry, we would never have known that we need soap to get the oil out of clothes.
③Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us. Thanks to chemistry, we know bleach (漂白剂) can't be mixed with vinegar (醋), because the mixture can produce harmful gas.
④Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation. Cooking food causes it to go through a chemical change. That is the reason why cooked food often tastes different from uncooked food. Too much or too little of any chemical material makes a difference to the result of baking (烘焙). For example, the cake can be too soft or too hard.
⑤Chemistry isn't something that just lives in a laboratory; it's something that you meet hundreds of times in life. Knowing how chemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life. 31. What can the chemistry in soap help us? A. To clean the teeth. C. To clean the oil off clothes.
32. From the third paragraph, we know that ________. A. we can mix bleach with vinegar C. we can't mix bleach with vinegar
33. The fourth paragraph mainly tells us that ________. A. cooked food is much better than uncooked food B. chemistry plays a big role in food preparation C. there are no chemical changes while we are cooking D. the cake can't be too soft or too hard with chemistry
34. Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1)
B. the mixture can produce useful gas D. chemistry can't help us make products B. To make the teeth strong. D. To make the clothes new.
A. B. C. D.
35. What's the main idea of the passage? A. Chemistry and food. C. Chemistry and products.
B. Chemistry around the world. D. Chemistry in everyday life.
D【2020 •海南省】
The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago to guide agricultural(农业)production. But solar term culture is still useful today to guide people's lives through cultural activities and special foods that go with each term.
Great Heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins this year on July 22 and ends on August 6. During Great Heat, most parts of China enter the hottest season of the year. Here is something you should know about Great Heat.
Great Heat is a season of harvesting(收割). During this time, the sunshine, high temperatures, and heavy
rainfall are good for the plants. But many natural disasters also happen. So, it's important to harvest and plant in time.
Sending the Great Heat ship is a tradition in Taizhou. The ship is full of all kinds of meat. More than 50
fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they walk through the streets. The ship will finally be pulled out of the port and burned at sea. People believe that is a symbol of good harvests and health.
Great Heat is a season with most crickets(蟋蟀)in the countryside. Cricket fighting is popular game for some people in China during this period. The custom dates back over 1,000 years ago.
People in different places enjoy different food. For example, in southern Shandong, people would like to drink mutton soup. Grass jelly is very popular in Guangdong because there is a saying “Eating grass jelly in Great Heat will make you stay young.”
的41. Ancient Chinese people created 24 solar terms to ________. A. keep a healthy life
B. serve different food
C. help farming
42. Great Heat lasts for ________days this year. A. 6
B. 16
C. 22
43. In Taizhou, people send the great Heat ship________. A. just for fun
B. to get exercise
C. with good wishes
44. According to the passage, ________.
A. Great Heat is an important time to harvest and plant B. cricket fighting games are getting popular in China now C. people in Guangdong enjoy mutton soup during Great Heat
45. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)
A. B. C.
E【2020 •吉林省】
China is famous for tea. Drinking tea is very popular in China and even around the world. It's said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. A few thousand years later, Lu Yu, \"the saint of tea\make tea.
Nowadays, according to different processing ways, there are mainly four kinds of Chinese tea. They are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea and scented (有香味的) tea. without fermentation (发酵), green tea keeps the original color of the tea. If the green tea is fermented before baking, it will be black tea. Oolong tea is partially (部分的) fermented. And if fragrant flowers are mixed in the tea during the processing the scented tea will be made. Tea is produced in many different areas in China. For example, Xi'an and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Later, the tea is packed and sent for many different countries and places around China.
It's believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.
Tea is good for people's health and plays an important role in Chinese social life.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
41. Who discovered tea as a drink first according to the passage? A. Shen Nong.
B. Lu Yu.
C. Hou Yi.
D. Yu Gong.
42. How many kinds of Chinese tea are there according to different processing ways in general? A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
43. What does the underlined word \"fragrant\" mean? A. 悦耳的
B. 难闻的
C. 难看的
D. 芳香的
44. Which is the right order to produce tea? ①Later, the tea is packed.
②When the leaves are ready they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. ③Then it is sent for many different countries and places around China. ④Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. A. ④③②①
B. ④②①③
C. ④③①②
D. ②④①③
45. When did the tea trade from China to Western countries take place? A. During the 6th and 7th centuries. C. In the 19th century.
B. Around 1660. D. In the 1990s.
F【2020 •江苏省淮安市】
Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning. Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep.
Researchers from a charity say that using internet-connected devices(装置)in the evening can prevent children getting more rest. Moreover, they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time.
① . The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices. About two-thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night.
② . The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys, and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter. One girl aged 12 said, \"I have been told that I am addicted(上瘾的)to the Internet, and prefer being online to being with other people.\"
③ . A girl of 13 told researchers, \"I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away. I walk around the house with it even though its' not turned on. I just like being with it.\" Another girl added, \"Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night.\"
④ . The charity, which was set up to promote(推动)iPads in the classroom, has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic(电子的)devices. 41. To get a good night's sleep, school pupils are asked to buy ________. A. iPads
B. alarm clocks
C. mobile phones
D. electronic devices
42. The underlined words \"invest in\" in Paragraph(段落)2 mean ________. A. hand out
B. hand in
C. spend time on
D. spend money on
43. It is better to put \"A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices\" in ________. A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
44. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. most pupils turn off their mobile phones in the evening B. using mobile phones can make children get more rest C. one-third of pupils get used to sleeping with mobile phones D girls are more interested in using mobile phones than boys 45. What will be talked about in the following paragraph? A. Examples of boys. C. The tips given to children.
B. More information about the charity. D. Instructions about electronic devices
G【2020 •南通市】
.
Do you like Physics or Chemistry? Matter (物质) is always changing, either physically or chemically. If a material goes through a physical change, it is still the same material. During a chemical change, one kind of matter changes into another completely different kind of matter. For example, when we burn wood or cook fish, materials
change. People use chemistry every day in the kitchen. The food we eat has many different natural chemicals. Many of the chemicals in food are necessary parts of a healthy diet.
Much of the food we eat has been changed in some way from its original form. The changes that food undergoes may be chemical or physical. If a change does not affect the food’s chemical composition, we call it a physical change. For example, melted (溶解的) cheese has gone through a physical change. It gets softer when it is heated but it is still the same type of material. Any change that changes the chemicals in the food is a chemical change. Bread contains carbohydrates, which are chemicals made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When bread is baked (烘焙), the carbohydrates break down into black carbon and water. The carbon gives the bread a dark color and a crunchy texture (质地). The water goes into the air.
To get a closer look at the chemistry of baking, let’s watch how a carrot cake is made. The main steps of baking any cake are mixing the ingredients (材料) and baking them together. In the course of making cakes, the dry ingredients are mixed first. They are flour, sugar, salt, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Flour gives the cake structure. Sugar helps to make it sweet. Salt strengthens the cake batter. Baking powder and baking soda make the cake rise.
Next, the carrots may be added to the cake. These help give the carrot cake its flavor, texture, and color. The other ingredients in the carrot cake are oil and eggs. The oil makes the cake tender and moist. Eggs serve two purposes—the whites help the cake to rise, while the yolks (蛋黄) give it a creamy texture. All of these ingredients form a mixture. This mixture can be separated into its different components (成分) although it is very difficult. Once the cake mixture is formed, it’s poured into a cake pan and baked in an oven. The heat from the oven has caused chemical changes to take place. The cake is finished and the ingredients cannot be separated. 38. The material doesn’t change when we _______. A. melt ice cream
B. burn paper
C. bake apple pies
D. cook beef
39. What’s the correct order of baking a carrot cake in the passage?
a. Carrots, oil and eggs are added. b. The dry ingredients are mixed.
c. The mixture is baked in an oven. d. Baking powder and soda make the cake rise. e. Preparing some dry ingredients. f. The heat from the oven causes chemical changes. g. The ingredients cannot be separated. h. The mixture is poured into a pan A. b-a-h-f-g
B. b-h-c-d-f
C. e-d-c-a-g
D. e-c-a-g-d
40. After reading the passage, we know that ________.
A. water and carbon can give the cake a dark color and a crunchy texture
B. people can separate the mixture of eggs and oil into different components C. chemicals in different kinds of food that people eat are bad for their health D. sugar and salt can’t be put into the mixture to make a cake at the same time 41. The passage mainly helps us to _______. A. look at the steps of baking cakes closely B. learn how to make carrot cakes at home C. have a healthy diet with natural chemicals D. understand physical and chemical changes
H 【2020 •青岛市】
Wild beavers (河狸) are back! Experts say that the wild beaver families are doing well. The beavers are even boosting wildlife and the environment!
Over ten years ago, a family of beavers turned up in a part of the river Otter, in Devon. No one knew exactly where they came from. It was a big surprise, wild beavers hadn't lived in England for around 400 years!
In 2015, the government allowed the beavers to stay there as part of a trial (试验). They wanted to see if these animals could be reintroduced to the wild. The trial ends in February. Some scientists from the University of Exeter already say the beavers help the wildlife in the area. One scientist called it \"an amazing story\".
A lot of this is because of dams. Beavers build dams along the river. This creates deep pools in the riverbed and slows the water down. Scientists say this is perfect for many different types of plants and animals! Many plants are growing near the beavers. Different types of animals are also becoming more and more in the river. Beavers also help make flooding less, scientists say. The beavers' dams slow down the speed of the river, especially after heavy rain.
There are, however, some problems. Beavers gnaw (咬,啃)on trees and this can harm them. Their dams can also sometimes create floods (洪水) on people's land.
Beavers aren't the only animals that are being reintroduced to the wild! In 2019, red squirrels were brought
back to an area of the Scottish Highlands. Further away, the world's rarest (罕见的) duck, the Madagascar pochard, is making a comeback. It was set free into the wild on the African island in 2019 and is doing well.
Who knows what other animals might be making a comeback? 26. Which of the following best explains \"boosting\" in paragraph 1? A. building
B. spreading
C. helping
D. creating
27. Why did the government want a trial first? Because they wanted to ________. A. grow more plants along the river B. build dams for the beavers in the wild C. introduce the beavers to the wild
D. see if the beavers could be reintroduced to the wild
28. What are the good things about wild beavers living on the river Otter? A. They help plants grow and make flooding less. C. They gnaw on trees and harm them.
B. They bring heavy rain and floods. D. Their dams create floods on people's land.
29. How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the news story which have been reintroduced to the wild? A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
D. Four.
30. How do you think animal lovers feel about the news? A. Embarrassed.
B. Pleased.
C. Tired.
D. Disappointed.
A【2020 •天津市东丽区九年级二模】
You are visiting the Big Ben in England, but the next second you are in France. Then, suddenly you may see some animals that have disappeared. But you are not in a wonderland. This is what might happen to you in the near future, with the help of VR (虚拟现实) technology.
VR is a computer technology that creates an environment and allows users to see and even interact (互动) with it. Just wear a pair of VR goggles (护目镜) connected to your computer and you can experience a lot of things without stepping out of your room.
“The most attractive part of VR is that it offers an immersive experience. You become a part of the story. That's why VR movies are popular among users.” said Wang Bing leader of the Chinese entertainment company Funshow.
According to the Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior announced last month, over 960, 000 people in China have bought VR products and 83.2% of them have watched VR movies.
The use of VR is not only used in entertainment. VR can help to train pilots (飞行员) and workers before they have to actually risk their lives in highly dangerous working environments. VR also helps to treat patients with acrophobia (恐高症) by making them think they are standing on top of a tall building.
__________. Users said they had headaches and felt sick while wearing VR goggles.
According to Wang Huit, leader of a VR research company in Beijing, it could take a while for VR to really take over the world.
56. How do VR goggles work? A. By interacting with the users. B. By stepping out of the room. C. By connecting them to the telephone. D. By connecting them to the computer.
57. What's the meaning of the underlined word “immersive” in the third paragraph? A. 莫名其妙的 C. 感人至深的
B. 身临其境的 D. 有教育意义的
,58. How many Chinese have watched VR movies according to the passage? A. About 160，000. C. About 800，000.
B. About 700，000. D. About 960，000.
59. Which of the following can be put in the blank of Paragraph 6? A. Also, people in China enjoy VR technology. B. VR technology can be also used in the hospital. C. However, VR technology is still far from perfect. D. VR technology is so wonderful that we need it. 60. What's the best title for this passage? A. Seeing Future for VR B. VR-a Kind of New Technology
C. The Use of VR Goggles
D. A Report on Chinese VR Users' Behavior
B【2020 •内蒙古鄂尔多斯东胜区中考一模】
Skyscrapers and traffic jams are often seen in today’s big cities But what will the cities of the future look like? They will look “smarter”, for one thing. A smart city is a city that uses digital technology, such as 5G networks and the “ internet of things”, save money and resources, and make our lives more convenient.
For example, by using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, we can find out how to use these resources more efficiently. Imagine if water and gas pipes could remind repair workers when there is a problem.
Some cities around the world are already using smart technology to improve people’s lives. In Baltimore, US, smart trash bins can sense how full they are and tell workers when they need cleaning. In Amsterdam, there is real-time traffic data collected from sensors around the city. There are fewer traffic jams.
In the city of Hang Zhou, Alibaba , one of China’s biggest tech companies started a project called “ city Brain” in 2016. It uses a network of cameras and sensors spread across the city to collect data on road conditions. The system can track ambulance and see if they are on their way to local hospitals. If they are, red traffic lights in their path can be changed to green so that they can reach the hospital faster.
Of course, it will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But it won’t be long until more cities join in. It is expected that more than 60 percent of the world’s population will live in smart cities by 2050, according to Tech Republic.
42. If you live in a smart city, ________________ A. you will be always in traffic jams. B. you will not need to work any more. C. your life will be much easier than before.
D. you will spend more money and use more resources.
43. The examples given of smart cities are taken to show______________ A. what an important role smart technology is playing in our life. B. how many smart cities are there around the world. C. how fast smart technology is developing all over the world. D. smart technology has been used for people’s lives around the world.
.44. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Living in smart cities has some disadvantages. B. More people will live in smart cities. C. Not everyone wants to live in a smart city. D. All cities will become smart cities by 2050. 45. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Living in smarter cities. B. Using digital technology. C. Rebuilding the smart cities. D. Improving people’s lives.
C【2020 •山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模】
The Dead Sea
At 430 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is Earth's lowest point on land. It is popular for its wonderful buoyancy(浮力). The high salt content-more than 34 percent - makes swimming more like floating.
Now the Dead Sea is actually dying. People are using water from the Jordan River, which takes water away from the Dead Sea. Since 1930, its surf area has reduced by almost 40 percent.
Venice, Italy
With waterways instead of streets. This \"Floating City\" has attracted visitors for centuries. But no visit to Venice is complete without a ride on one of its famous gondolas, human powered
water taxis Water creates Venice. But water will also kill the city.
Built on soft earth, Venice has slowly been sinking (下沉) for centuries. Now, with rising sea levels caused by human activities, it's sinking faster. According to US-based magazine Architectural Digest, the city may disappear in the next 100 years. Better book your gondola soon!
Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Covering more than 2,300 kilometers of Australia's northeast coast, Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest reef ecosystem, and an ideal place for scuba divers (水肺潜水者).Thousands of colorful coral (珊瑚) and fish make homes in the blue sea water. It's like a big underwater party!
Sadly, the party might be over soon. The reef is dying. Human activities are changing the weather. Warming ocean, water kills the coral, and this causes problems up the food chain. The New York Times reported that large parts are already dead, and the reef system might be gone by 2030. 15. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Disappearing Watery Wonders
B. Amazing Man-made Wonders on the Sea C. Lost Watery Wonders on the Sea D. Last Watery Wonders in the World
16. Which of the following is the shared cause of the problems all the three places are facing? A. Water loss. C. Warming seas.
B. Sea pollution. D. Human activities.
17. If Tom wants to visit all the following places before they are gone, and he can only afford one in the next 15 years, where must he go? A. The Dead Sea.
B. Venice.
C. Italy.
D. Great Barrier Reef.
D【2020 •山东省泰安市泰山区中考一模】
Long, long ago, people made fires from lightening (闪电). But they had to keep the fire burning, for they couldn't start it again if there was no lightening. Later, they found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark (火花). The spark could fire dry leaves. In this way they could make fire again if it went out. Then people also
learned to make a fire by rubbing (摩擦). They made a hole in a piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again. After a few minutes they got a fire.
Years went by, people learned other ways to make a fire. Sometimes they used the heat from the sun. They held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire.
About two centuries ago, people began to make matches. Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fire. Today matches are still being used, but people have more new ways to make fire. One of them is to use an electric fire starter. Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive than a box of matches. But it is very useful. 18. What can a spark do From the text? A. Fire any leaves.
B. Burn anything.
C. Burn dry leaves.
D. Keep fire burning.
19. How can we also get a fire?
A. By making a hole in a big piece of wood. C. By turning the stick hard for a while. 20. How long have Matches been used? A. For about two thousand years.
C. Since people began to use fire for cooking. 21. What can we know from the passage? A Electric fire starters are widely used. B. Some forest fires happen from lightening. C. Today there are only two ways to make a fire.
D. People haven't used matches since they had electric fire starters.
E【2020 •四川省成都市青羊区中考二模】
B. For about two hundred years.
D. Since people used the heat from the sun. B. By putting a smaller stick into the hole. D. By doing all the above in order.
like nice place to land to have a rest.As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange. You want to move. But in 0.6 second, you are caught by the plants! You will be digested(消化) as its food. Welcome to the world of carnivorous plants!
We call them carnivorous because they attract, catch, and eat insects. Like other plants, they get energy from the sun. But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients(营养素) from the insects they catch. They live in places where the soil is short of nutrients.
.Imagine that you’re a happy fly. You’re just flying around the sky when you see beautiful pink leaf. That looks
There are over 25,000 kinds of plants. Only 600 or so are carnivorous. The famous one is The Venus flytrap. Its leaves look like big mouths. When an insect flies to it, it will close its leaf like a man closing the mouth.
Pitcher plants might be the most interesting kind of carnivorous. They are in the shape of a deep bottle and can fool the insects into landing on them by offering sweet nectar(花蜜).Then they wait for the insects to come. The insects will be caught by a “cover” that would close quickly the minute it goes in. Then the plant can enjoy the meal after digesting the insect.
68. If you were a carnivorous plant, you can _______. A. eat a fly
B. fly around the sky
C. rest on the leaf
69. Different from other plants, carnivorous plants _______. A. get energy from the sun B. get nutrients from the soil C. get nutrients from insects
70. Which of the following picture is a Venus flytrap?
A. B. C.
71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Pitcher plants are in the shape of mouths.
B. Insects like sweet nectar, so they are easy to be caught by pitcher plants. C. Before digesting the insect, the plant can enjoy the meal. 72. You might see this article from the magazine _______. A. Nature Today
B. All About Space
C. The style
F【2020 •北京市西城区英语一模】
I’m crazy about chocolate, so it’s no surprise that my favorite book is Charlie and the Chocolate Factory by the wonderful Roald Dahl. Forget Charlie Bucket, the real hero is Willy Wonka, inventor of the most amazing sweets in the world. Here are just afew of his delicious creations ：
•Hot ice cream for a cold day! What a great idea. Now I can eat ice cream every day! He also invented an ice cream that never melts (融化)—very useful. •Wallpaper that you can lick. This wallpaper comes in orange, grape, apple and banana flavours. When you lick the pictures, you taste the fruit. Brilliant! •Grass made of sugar called Swudge. It grows by the chocolate river and the chocolate waterfall in Willy Wonka’s factory.
•Mr. Wonka also invented some special sweets for schoolchildren, such as a kind of chocolate others cannot see when you are eating it. There are also sugar- coated pencils and magic hand-fudge (软糖)—you hold the fudge in your hand and you taste it in your mouth. Finally, there are Wonka’s exploding
weets — a great way of scaring (恐吓)the school bully! Anyway, these are just a few of his inventions. Read the book if you want to know more.
21. Who invented the most amazing sweets in the world?
A. Willy Wonka. C. Charlie Bucket.
22. Wallpaper is a kind of sweet that . A. never melts C. smells like chocolate
B. Roald Dahl. D. The writer.
B. has tastes of different fruits D. can not be seen by others
23. Which invention is designed especially for schoolchildren? A. Hot ice cream. C. Swudge.
B. Wallpaper.
D. Sugar-coated pencils.
G【2020 •福建省福州市第一中学模拟试题】
The Colosseum is an ancient stadium in the center of Rome. It is the largest of its kind. It is very old. They started building it in the year 70. It took ten years to build. It is still around today.
The Colosseum has been used in many ways. In ancient Rome, men fought each other in it. They fought against lions, tigers, and bears. It was terrible. But most of the people loved it. As many as 80,000 Romans would pack inside to watch. These gruesome events went on until 523.
The Colosseum has been damaged many times over the years. It was struck by lightning in the year 217. This started a fire. Much of the Colosseum is made of stone. But the fire damaged the upper levels. They were made of wood. This damage took many years to repair. It was not finished until the year 240.
The worst damage happened in 1349. A mighty earthquake shook Rome and the Colosseum. The south side of the building collapsed ( 坍塌). Pieces of the arena ( 场地) were all over the ground. Many people took the fallen stones. Others took stones from the seating areas. They used them to repair houses and churches.
The Romans of those days were not connected to the Colosseum. It had last been used as a castle. Before that it was a graveyard. It has been hundreds of years since the games. The damage to the Colosseum was never repaired. It's a good thing the outer wall of it still stands strong.
Today the Colosseum is one of Rome's most popular attractions. People from all over the world come to Italy to see it. The Pope leads a big march around it every Good Friday. It is a symbol that many know. It has even appeared on the back of a coin. I guess that makes it a symbol that many people want too. 31. The underlined word “gruesome” in the second paragraph means . A. exciting
B. traditional
C. frightening
D. important
32. What do we know about the lightning damage to the Colosseum in the year 217? A. It was the worst damage in history. repair.
B. The stone part was damaged.
It took 10 years to C.
D. The wooden part was burnt.
33. According to the text, the Colosseum . A. is the symbol of Rome
C. collapsed because of its weak wall
B. is 1000 years old D. was successfully repaired
34. Which of the following is the right order of the events mentioned in the text? a. An earthquake damaged the Colosseum. b. The Colosseum was struck by lightning. c. The Colosseum appeared on the back of a coin.
d. People used stones from the Colosseum to repair buildings. A. abcd
B. badc
C. abdc
D. bdac
35. The Colosseum was once used as the following EXCEPT . A. a church
B. a stadium
C. a castle
D. a graveyard
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