烃
1.CH4+Cl2 光照 CH3Cl+HCl (4个)
2.CnH2n+2+(2n+1)/2O2 点燃 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
3.CH2=CH2+Br2→CH2Br—CH2Br 4.CH2=CH2+H2O CH3CH2OH 5.CH2=CH2+HCl CH3CH2Cl 6.CH2=CH2+H2 CH3—CH3
△ 催化剂 催化剂 催化剂 7.nCH2=CH2 催化剂 [CH2—CH2]n 8.CnH2n+3n/2O2 点燃 nCO2+nH2O
9.CH≡CH+2H2 CH3—CH3 10.CH≡CH+HCl CH2=CHCl 11.CH≡CH+2Br2→CHBr2—CHBr2 12.nCH2=CHCl [CH2—CHCl]n 12.C8H20 C4H10+C4H8 C4H10 C2H4+C2H6 13. +HNO3 —NO2+H2O
55~60℃
加热、加压
浓硫酸
加热、加压
催化剂
催化剂
催化剂 △ 催化剂 催化剂
14. +Br2 铁 —Br+HBr 15. +3H2
△ 催化剂
CH3
浓硫酸 55~60℃
CH3
3H2O 16. +3HNO3 NO 2— — NO 2+
1
NO2
烃的衍生物
1.CH3CH2Br+NaOH CH3CH2OH+NaBr 2.CH3CH2Br+NaOH CH2=CH2+NaBr+H2O
△ △ 醇
3.2CH3CH2OH+2Na→CH3CH2ONa+H2↑ 4.CH3CH2OH+HBr CH3CH2Br+H2O
浓硫酸
无机酸 5.CH3CH2OH 170 ℃ CH2=CH2↑+H2O
6.2CH3CH2OH CH3CH2—O—CH2CH3+H2O
140℃ 浓硫酸
7.2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
△
Cu
8.2CH3CH(OH)CH3+O2 2CH3COCH3+H2O
△
OH ONa 催化剂
OH ONa 9.2 +2Na→2 +H2↑ 10. +NaOH→ +H2O
ONa OH OH ONa 11. +CO2+H2O→ +NaHCO3 12. +Na2CO3→ +NaHCO3
OH OH 13. +3Br2→ Br — — Br ↓+3HBr
催化剂 △
Br
14.CH3CHO+H2 CH3CH2OH 15.2CH3CHO+O2 2CH3COOH
△ 催化剂
16.CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH △ CH3COONH4+3NH3+H2O+2Ag↓ 17.CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2 +NaOH CH3CHOONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O 18.CH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OH19.CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
浓硫酸 △ △
△ CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O CH3CHOOH+CH3CH2OH
无机酸
2
CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH
△
CH3CHOONa+CH3CH2OH
20.C12H22O11+H2O 催化剂 C6H12O6+C6H12O6 蔗糖 葡萄糖 果糖 21.C12H22O11+H2O 2C6H12O6
麦芽糖 葡萄糖 22.(C6H10O5)n C6H12O6(葡萄糖)
23.高聚物
△ 催化剂
催化剂 3
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