试英语试卷含答案
巴东二中2020年秋季学期高二年级期中考试 英语试题
本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the time now? A. 8: 00. B. 8: 10. C. 8: 20.
2. What is the woman complaining about? A. The long wait. B. A mistake in her bill,
C. The broken computer system. 3. How does Jim probably feel now? A. Surprised. B. Curious. C. Disappointed.
4. Where are the speakers? A. In a zoo. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library.
5. What do we know about the woman?
A. She has decided to go to business school. B. She was asked to give up science. C. She will not be a successful manager.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about her grandfather? A. He works in a company now. B. He has white hair. C. He wears glasses.
7. How old is the woman’s grandmother? A. 60. B. 65. C. 70.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What caused the accident? A. A black dog. B. A black car. C. A white car.
9. When did the accident happen? A. At about 8: 30. B. At about 8: 40. C. At about 9: 00.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. How long did the man stay at the zoo? A. Three hours. B. Five hours.
C. Six hours.
11. What impressed the man most at the zoo? A. The pandas. B. The dolphins. C. The tigers.
12. What will the woman do next? A. See some pictures. B. Get her mobile phone. C. Make a phone call.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What is the woman? A. A doctor. B. A headmaster. C. An expert.
14. What should the man eat? A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Processed food. C. Pork.
15. Where should the man eat? A. At the university hospital. B. At the dining hall, C. At the restaurant.
16. How does the man probably feel after talking with the woman?
A. Worried. B. Relaxed. C. Confused.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What does the speech talk about? A. Sports in different places.
B. The benefits of doing sports. C. The way to do sports well.
18. Why do people in Austria like skiing? A. It is good for people’s health,
B. There are big mountains and cold winters. C. It helps people there enjoy beautiful scenery. 19. Which country’s people like kite flying? A. Switzerland. B. Australia. C. Thailand.
20. What do the Swiss love to do? A. Skiing. B. Surfing.
C. Mountain climbing.
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最 佳选项。 A
FIRE-FIGHTING How to fight a fire
Anyone who uses fire-extinguishers should know a few basic facts about how to make them work. This leaflet will tell you the most important things to remember if you have to put a fire out.
Water extinguishers
You can put most fires out with water extinguishers. However, you should not use water extinguishers if the fire involves electrical equipment or if it has been started by flammable (易燃的) liquids such as petrol.
As in all fires, make sure that the wind is behind you — if you
do this, the smoke will blow away from you. Point the jet of water at the bottom of the fire and move it slowly higher.
Remember that you should only use extinguishers for small fires. If there is any danger of the fire spreading to anything that can explode, you should not try to put the fire out yourself. Instead, leave the building immediately, and call the fire brigade.
Foam (泡沫) extinguishers
You can use a foam extinguisher for fire caused by burning liquids such as petrol. Never point the jet directly into the liquid itself, as this may make it splash and spread the fire. Instead, try and point the extinguisher up into the air so that the foam goes up and falls on top of the burning liquid.
Whatever the kind of fire, do not stand up straight — if you can stay down, this will help you to avoid the smoke, and you may be able to get closer to the fire. Get out of the building at once if you think your escape route might be cut off by smoke or fire.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers
Some fire extinguishers are filled with a gas called carbon dioxide. You can use these to put out fires which have been caused either by electrical equipment or flammable liquids. If the fire has been caused by electrical equipment, switch the equipment off and point the extinguisher straight at the fire. If the fire has been caused by a liquid like petrol, point the extinguisher at the nearest edge of the fire, and move it from side to side.
Remember, never stay in a building if it is dangerous to do so, or if the fire grows beyond your control. Make sure you are standing near an exit in case this happens.
21．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
according to the passage?
A．You cannot put all fires out with water extinguishers. B．In case of fire, stay down to protect yourself from the smoke.
C．If the fire might cause any further explosion, ask for professional
help.
D．Foam extinguishers are for fires caused by electrical equipment. 22．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Inappropriate use of fire extinguishers might make things worse. B．You should stay in the building if your escape route is cut off. C．Standing close to an exit will absolutely guarantee your safety in a fire.
D．Firefighting is a complicated job that can only be done by fire brigades.
23．Who is the potential target reader of this passage? A．Fire fighters. B．The general public. C．College professors. D．Young children.
B
Mark Twain, the famous American writer, liked to play jokes on others. But once a joke was played on him. One day Mark Twain was invited to give a talk in a small town. At lunch he met a young man, one of his friends.The young man said that he has an uncle with him. He told Twain that his uncle never laughed or smiled, and that nobody and nothing was able to make his uncle smile or laugh.
\"You bring your uncle to my talk tonight, \"said Mark Twain. \"I'm sure I can make him laugh\".
That evening the young man and his uncle sat in the front. Mark Twain began to speak. He told several funny stories. This
made everyone in the room laugh.But the man never even smiled. Mark Twain told more funny stories, but the old man still kept quiet. Mark Twain told his funny stories. Finally he stopped. He was tired and quite disappointed(失望的)．Some days later, Mark Twain told another friend of his about what had happened.
\"Oh,\" said his friend. \"I know that old man. He's been deaf(聋)for years.\"
24．Mark Twain liked to play jokes on_____. A．himself B．others C．old men D．Americans
25．One day Mark Twain met_____ at lunch. A．a friend B．a young man's uncle C．a young girl D．a deaf
26．The young man told Mark Twain that his uncle never_____.
A．spoke B．talked C．laughed D．ate
27．Mark Twain stopped telling stories at last because he was_____.
A．thirsty B．tired C．angry D．sleepy C
Though it is not good for us to expose ourselves to sunlight for too long, allowing ourselves appropriate amount of exposure to sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number of ways.
Without the sun, life would not have developed. It gives us energy and heats our world. The sun gives us light and thus in turn we are able to see the beautiful colors in our world. It makes us feel good when we feel the warmth of its rays on our shoulders. We store the energy from the sun to help build and heat our houses.
Without sunlight we would not be able to survive. Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a food chain and at the beginning of the food chain comes the plant which absorbs sunlight and transforms light energy into chemical energy, which will then be absorbed by another life to be turned into a new kind of energy and so on.
One of the benefits that we can get from sunlight is that we can receive vitamin D from sunlight. It helps us to keep a healthy body, control the amount of minerals in the body, which is needed to help keep our bones and teeth in good condition and helps to keep a well-balanced mind.
Different places on the earth receive varying degrees of sunlight, which will decide the region’s climate. For example, the farther away it is from the equator (赤道), the sharper the angle (角度) of the sun’s rays that reach it, which means that sunlight coverage will be more spread out, and receive less heat than lower latitude areas nearer the equator.
28．Why does sunlight give balance?
A．It helps to pass energy. B．It helps to absorb energy. C．It helps to form new lives. D．It helps to protect new lives. 29．Sunlight can assist people in____.
A．increasing the amount of minerals B．obtaining a healthy nerve system
C．keeping their bones and teeth healthy D．keeping a delighted mind
30．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Which place is the hottest. B．How sunlight affects the climate.
C．How to get more sunlight. D．How much sunlight a place needs.
31．What would be the best title for the text? A．Avoid being exposed to sunlight too long B．Follow the researchers’ words C．Good effects of sunlight on our lives D．Making full use of sunlight D
If humans ever hope to live on the Mars, the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds (有机化合物), from fuels to drugs, which are too expensive to ship from Earth.
Chemists from University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have a plan for that.
For the past eight years, the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria and nanowires (细菌和纳米线) that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide (CO,) and water into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair, used as electronic parts, and also as solar cells.
“On Mars, about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically, all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you,” said project leader Peidong Yang, professor of chemistry and the S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at UC Berkeley. “For a deep space task, you care about the weight, and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce: You don’t need to send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.”
The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen underground over most of the planet, said Yang.
It works like photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants naturally employ to change CO2 and water into carbon compounds, mostly sugar and carbohydrates. Plants, however, have a quite low efficiency (效率), usually changing less than one-half percent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar, which is 4～5% efficient.
32．What is the function of the new biological system? A．Reducing air pollution on Mars. B．Carrying many organic things to Mars.
C．Helping to produce organic compounds on Mars. D．Making building blocks without sunlight. 33．Why is the self-reproduction possible on Mars? A．There’s plenty of CO2, water and sun light on Mars. B．Mars is much easier to land than other planets. C．Spaceship technology has developed a lot. D．Lots of oxygen was found on Mars.
34．What can we learn about Yang’s system according to the last paragraph?
A．It doesn’t need carbon dioxide and water. B．It can be replaced by plants in space.
C．Its efficiency is higher than natural photosynthesis’s. D．It functions based on rules different from photosynthesis. 35．In which part of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Life. B．Science. C．Health. D．Education.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all want to go to the gym on a regular basis. But
sometimes we can’t do it due to various reasons, such as having no enough time or just lacking the motivation. 36 Here are plenty of ways you can stay fit at home.
Wear workout clothes at home. When you’re not getting ready to go out anywhere, put on clothes that are suitable for exercising. 37 That’s because they’ll keep exercise at the forefront of your mind.
38 Whether you’re working on your computer or watching television, get up and move around for 5 to 10 minutes for every hour you sit. Pace around the room, or do 10-20 jumps.
Walk as often as possible. Many smart phones have built-in activity apps that will also monitor your step count. Use these to see how many steps you’re getting in each day. Try to add a few hundred steps each week to gradually become more active. Set a goal for how many steps you want to achieve. 39
Put on your favorite music and dance. Dancing can be healthy way that gets your heart rate up and your blood pumping. Use slower songs to warm up. Then switch to some faster paced dance music. 40 No, you don’t have to be a professional dancer, just have fun mov ing to the music and improving your fitness at the same time.
A. Must you dance perfectly?
B. Where can we do exercise regularly? C. Take short fitness breaks when sitting. D. How can we fit exercise into daily life? E. Then challenge yourself to meet that goal, F. Walk around or jump when using smart phones. G. They may encourage you to exercise a little harder. 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am a teacher at a private school. One day I was 41 when the heel of my shoe broke. 42 , I had to go to a store to get a new 43 and get back to the rest of my work. I 44 to go to Walmart, since it has cheap shoes there. But 45 I had only $10 in cash in my pocket.
I was pulled to shop at Payless instead which had a BOGO event going on. You buy one pair and you may get 50% off the second, I tried on many before I found the 46 shoes, but it was marked at $25. I took a look at my purse and saw a credit card. I was 47 to find out that there was a credit of $48 left,
Just then, I noticed a poor and elderly couple and heard they were looking for the wife’s shoes as her 48 gift. She tried on many pairs.
I asked her what size of shoes she 49 , and we happened to be the same. I 50 her the shoes I was trying on and let her try them on. And they 51 her perfectly. I told her that she could 52 them and then I would looked for a different pair. When I found another pair of shoes, I noticed that the couple were counting change. Walking up to the woman without thinking, I took her shoes to the check-out counter and 53 for both the pairs. I turned around and 54 her the pair, then said “Happy Birthday!” and left quickly to get back to 55 .
41. A. shopping B. reading C. teaching D. cooking 42. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Otherwise 43. A. size B. style C. color D. pair
44. A. hesitated B. managed C. decided D. hated 45. A. clearly B. gradually C. honestly D. unfortunately 46. A. perfect B. cheap C. new D. familiar
47. A. disappointed B. happy C. grateful D. anxious 48. A. birthday B. Christmas C. Thanksgiving D. wedding 49. A. liked B. wore C. brought D. preferred 50. A. lent B. sent C. showed D. owed 51. A. served B. treated C. knew D. fitted 52. A. buy B. try C. donate D. change 53. A. paid B. allowed C. provided D. applied 54. A. sold B. gave C. threw D. award 55. A. hospital B. church C. work D. college 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Getting up early has been considered 56a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago，people57（think）that if we went to bed early and got up early，we would be energetic the whole day. So getting up early is of great 58（important）to us all.
In fact，in the morning，the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best condition. And it is certain that we find it easier 59（understand）what we learn in the morning. If we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning，without doubt we can build up our bodies and become much 60（healthy）.
Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example，if everyone in the family gets up early，61（wife）will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family；children will have enough time to catch the school bus，and husbands will never forget to change 62（they）dirty shirt. Everything will be in order However，if we get up late，we'll
probably have to do everything in a hurry.
Let us remember63 (get) up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. 64we stick to getting up early every day，we will 65(certain) benefit a lot from it
第四部分写作（共两节；满分40分） 第一节（满分15分）
上周日你校举办了中学生科学创新(scientific innovation) 比赛。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，介绍这次活动，内容包括：
1. 时间和地点； 2. 比赛的过程； 3. 比赛的意义。 注意：
1. 词数80左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。
________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine Svilicic never would have guessed her adopted rescue dog Khan would act out with aggression（攻击性）towards her young 17-month-old baby, Charlotte!
The day began with the usual playtime outside. Although baby Charlotte had her parents watching from a distance, they did not notice anything out of the ordinary. Charlotte and the new dog had been making a
habit of playing like this. However, things were different that day. Catherine watched as Khan threw her baby across their backyard! Why was Khan acting as though a lovely child was a
threat? Catherine watched him drag her child, hoping he would stop. Sadly, it seemed Catherine needed to immediately intervene because this was only the beginning. He tightly clenched his jaws（咬紧牙关）into her diaper（纸尿裤）to throw her back and forth, This is when things got out of hand. Certainly, Catherine was angry with Khan for throwing her girl. However, something deep down told Catherine there was more to this than what they were seeing. Little did she know, these doubts would turn out to be true.
But her baby was still in great danger, Catherine noted that her baby seemed a target. That moment we mentioned when the dog sunk his teeth into Charlotte’s diaper a nd used his strength to throw her baby like “a doll!”. How terrifying! Luckily, those teeth did not go near her skin and especially face and the baby was actually quite calm. Perhaps, the baby understood something about Khan’s intentions.
Catherine knew that she needed to act fast and catch her poor child. Something happening to Khan next that confused the whole family.
While the baby stayed calm, others could not help but panic. Charlotte’s mother said, “Had I not seen it with my very own eyes, I’d never have believed it, ”Therefore, she ran to Charlotte and carried her to safety.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
While Catherine brought her baby to shelter, Khan barked madly and then fell down.
Finally, the whole family realized Khan was a hero of attacking a poisonous snake.
巴东二中2020年秋季学期高二年级期中考试 英语答案 听力材料 Text 1
M: Excuse me. Do you have the time?
W: Yes, sir. My watch says 8: 10, but it is ten minutes slow. Text 2
W: Excuse me, sir. I’ve been waiting here for nearly 20 minutes jus t to pay my telephone bill.
M: I’m very sorry, but our computer system is not working at the moment.
Text 3
W: What’s wrong with Jim?
M: His mother refuses to buy a phone for him. Text 4
W: Can I help you, sir?
M: Yes, I want to buy some biology books. Can you tell me where they are?
Text 5
W: Daddy, I have decided to give up science and go to business school.
M: Well, it is your choice, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will be a successful manager.
Text 6
W: Here in the middle with the beautiful white hair is my grandmother. We call her Joy.
M: She looks energetic.
W: Yeah. Here next to my grandmother on the left is Andrew, my grandfather.
M: With the glasses?
W: Yeah. Isn’t he handsome? Actually, he looks pretty good for someone 70 years old. Don’t you think so?
M: He surely does. And your grandmother, is she the same age?
W: No. She’s five years younger.
M: Does your grandfather still work in a company? . W: No, he’s retired now. Text 7
M: Excuse me. May I ask you some questions? W: Sure, sir.
M: Do you know when the accident happened?
W: It was about 8: 30 when I turned into the street and followed the black car. About 10 minutes later.
I had to stop my car because of the accident. M: What’s the cause?
W: When I was driving my car along the road, I saw a black dog crossing the road. Unluckily, a white car was driving towards the dog in the other direction. So the two cars crashed in order to escape running over the dog.
M: OK. Thank you. Text 8
W: Hi, Jim, I heard you went to the z00 with your mom last weekend. How was it?
M: It couldn’t have been better. We got there at 9 am and left at 3 pm.
W: What did you see first?
M: We saw the pandas. They were so lovely. W: Oh, I love the pandas. What else did you see?
M: Next, we went to see the tigers. There was a mother tiger with two babies, but of course we were
not allowed to get into close to them. W: Did they do anything funny?
M: No. They just walked around and didn’t pay much attention to us, so I wasn’t very impressed with them.
W: So what impressed you most there?
M: The dolphins. They‘re so clever. I loved the dolphin performance. One of them could balance a ball perfectly on the nose. Do you want to see some pictures of them? I took a lot with my mobile phone.
W: Oh, yes. I’d love to. Text 9
M: I was at the Student Health Services yesterday. They told me that my blood pressure is too high. W: Then I suppose you need a diet to help bring your blood pressure down.
M: That’s right! The doctor told me to see the university expert about it, so here I am. He gave me this note for you.
W: Let me see. This is a list of the content of different foods. You should say goodbye to potato chips and some meat, such as pork.
M: Oh, no.
W: Yes, and goodbye to processed food in general. But you can have almost all fruits and vegetables. M: That part is OK. What worries me is where to eat. Do I have to eat at the university hospital? W: Not at all. I just call the dining -hall manager. He handles all sorts of special menus. You can eat at the dining hall.
M: What if I want to go to a restaurant?
W: Just use your list and select your food carefully. M: Thanks a lot. This isn’t as bad as I thought. Text 10
People can live happily because of sports. Sports help to
keep people healthy and feeling good. What games have you played? What is your favorite sport now? Is the climate hot where you live? Then swimming is probably one of your sports. Boys and girls in Australia love to swim. There are wonderful beaches there and the weather is good for swimming. Or do you live in a cold climate? Then you would like to ski. There are many skiers in Austria because there are big mountains and cold winters.
Kite flying may not be one of your sports, but it is one of the favorite sports of Thailand. Surfing is an important sport in Hawaii. The Pacific Ocean sends huge waves up to the beaches. Waves are just right for surfing. People in Switzerland love to climb the wonderful mountains of their country. Mountain climbing is their favorite sport.
1~5 CACBA 6~10 CBABC 11~15 BACAB 16~20 BABCC. 21~ 23 DBA 24~27 BACB 28~31 ACBC 32~35 CACB 36~40 DGCEA
41~45 CBDCD 46~50 ABABC 51~55 DAABC
56．As 57．Thought 58．Importance 59．to understand 60．healthier
61．Wives 62．Their 63．Getting 64．If 65．certainly 写作 第一节
One possible version:
A Scientific Innovation Contest
A scientific innovation contest was held in our school lecture hall last Sunday with the purpose of inspiring students’ interest in scien ce and technology.
The contest was very popular among students. A wide variety of inventions created by students were exhibited. Additionally, the most impressive was that everyone was allowed to create his
own invention on the spot using the offered materials under the guidance of the well — known experts.
It turned out to be a great success. It was undoubtedly a golden opportunity for students to equip themselves with some basic knowledge of science and technology.
第二节
One possible version:
While Catherine brought her baby to shelter, Khan barked madly and then fell down. He did not just fall down for nothing as he began crying. No one understood what was going on! The dog continued crying and then fell almost lifeless. Now this sent Catherine into panic mode. She focused on the dog, watching his dying eyes and realized it was clear he needed emergency care. And it occurred to her that Khan had been protecting her child instead of attacking her.
Finally, the whole family realized Khan was a hero of attacking a poisonous snake. It turns out that Khan was protecting Charlotte from a poisonous, deadly snake even though living with the family for only four days. Thus, it was lucky that Khan caught the snake and did really save that baby’s life, showing his unconditional love. With the rest of the family watching in shock, Catherine hurried to the vet’s clinic. Fortunately, Khan, this heroic animal, impressed even the vets with his rapid recovery and progress. Finally, the family could be reunited!
部分答案解析： 21．D 22．A 23．B
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了如何正确使用不同的灭火器和使用时的注意事项。
21．细节理解题。根据文中“You can put most fires out with
water extinguishers.”（你用水灭火器可以扑灭大部分的火）可知，水灭火器只能扑灭大部分的火，所以A项You cannot put all fires out with water extinguishers.你不能用水灭火器扑灭所有的火，与原文意思相符，所以A项正确；根据文中“Whatever the kind of fire, do not stand up straight — if you can stay down, this will help you to avoid the smoke”（不论什么样的火，不要一直站着-如果你能趴下，这样可以帮你避免烟）可知，趴下是可以有效避免烟的伤害的，所以B项In case of fire, stay down to protect yourself from the smoke.如果有火，趴下可以让你免受烟的伤害，与文中意思相符，所以B项正确；根据文中“If there is any danger of the fire spreading to anything that can explode, you should not try to put the fire out yourself. Instead, leave the building immediately, and call the fire brigade.”（当所处火灾有进一步的扩散到可能引起爆炸的任何东西时，你不应该独自灭火，而是应该立即离开那个建筑物并且给消防队打电话。）可知，火灾有进一步危险的时候，应该先自保离开火灾现
场，并打电话报火警，所以C项，If the fire might cause any further explosion, ask for professional help.如果火可能会引起进一步的爆炸，向专业人求助，与原文意思相符，所以C项正确；根据文中“You can use a foam extinguisher for fire caused by burning liquids such as petrol.”（当出现像汽油等液体引起的火灾时可以用泡沫灭火器来灭火）可知，泡沫灭火器是针对液体引起的火灾的，而D项，Foam extinguishers are for fires caused by electrical equipment.泡沫灭火器用来扑灭由电器引起的火灾，与原文意思不符，所以D项错误，综上所述，只有D项不正确，故选D项。
22．推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍不同的灭火器灭火，但不同灭火器的使用方法会因为不同类型的火灾也有所不同，所以在灭火时一定要正确使用灭火器，那么言外之意就是，如果没有正确使用灭火器也可能会使火灾更加恶化，所以A项，Inappropriate use of fire extinguishers might make things worse.不正确的使用灭
火器可能会使事情恶化，是正确的；根据文中“Get out of the building at once if you think your escape route might be cut off by smoke or fire. ”（如果逃跑路线被火或者烟切断，你应该立刻离开楼里），可知B项，You should stay in the building if your escape route is cut off. 如果逃跑路线被切断，你应该待在楼里，与原文不符，所以B项错误；C项Standing close to an exit will absolutely guarantee your safety in a fire.在火灾中，站在靠近出口的地方可以绝对保证你的安全，说法太绝对，所以C项错误；D项Firefighting is a complicated job that can only be done by fire brigades.灭火是一项非常复杂的工作，所以只能由消防队来做这个工作。从文中介绍不同的灭火器使用方法可以知道，灭火并没有很复杂，只是需要我们掌握灭火器正确使用方法，除非火灾非常危险而且有爆炸的可能，才需要求助消防队，所以D项错误，综上所述，只有A项正确，是我们可以从文中推理出来的，故选A 项。
23．推理判断题。从文中可以知道文章在介绍灭火器的使用方法和注意事项，操作简单明了，而且文中多次提出只有特殊情况下才需要我们向消防队的专业人士寻求帮助，所以我们可以看出这篇文章的潜在读者应该是大众读者，即一般公众，B项正确，故选B项。
24．B 25．A 26．C 27．B
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名美国作家马克吐温平时爱开别人玩笑，但有一次却被别人开了玩笑。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Mark Twain, the famous American writer, liked to play jokes on others.(美国著名作家马克·吐温喜欢开别人的玩笑。)”可知，他喜欢跟别人开玩笑，故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At lunch he met a young man, one of his friends.(吃午饭时，
他遇到了一个年轻人，他的一个朋友。)”可知，一天吃午饭时他遇到了他的一个朋友，故选A 项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He told Twain that his uncle never laughed or smiled, and that nobody and nothing was
able to make his uncle smile or laugh.(他告诉吐温，他的叔叔从不笑或微笑，没有人或任何事能够使他的叔叔微笑或大笑。)”可知，他朋友的叔叔不会笑，故选C项。27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“ Finally he stopped. He was tired and quite disappointed(最后他停了下来。他很累，很失望。)”可知，马克吐温累了，故选B项。
28．A 29．C 30．B 31．C
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了太阳对人类生活的积极影响。 28．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a food chain and at the beginning of the food chain comes the plant which absorbs sunlight and transforms light energy into chemical energy, which will then be absorbed by another life to be turned into a new kind of energy and so on.”可知，阳光使万物保持平衡。所有的生物都生活在一个食物链中，在食物链的开始，植物吸收阳光，将光能转化为化学能，然后被另一个生命吸收，转化为一种新的能量等等。由此可知，阳光使万物保持平衡是因为它有助于传递能量。故选A项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段“It helps us to keep a healthy body, control the amount of minerals in the body, which is needed to help keep our bones and teeth in good condition and helps to keep a well-balanced mind.”可知，它帮助我们保持健康的身体，控制身体中矿物质的含量，这些矿物质是保持骨骼和牙齿处于良好状态所需的，有助于保持良好的心理平衡。所以阳光可以帮助人们保持骨骼和牙齿的健康。故选C项。
30．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Different places on the earth receive varying degrees of sunlight, which will decide the region’s climate. For example, the f arther away it is from the equator , the sharper the angle of the sun’s rays that reach it, which means that sunlight coverage will be more spread out, and receive less heat than lower latitude areas nearer the equator.”
可知，地球上不同的地方接受不同程度的阳光，这将决定该地区的气候。由此可知，最后一段的大意是阳光如何影响气候。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Though it is not good for us to expose ourselves to sunlight for too long, allowing ourselves appropriate amount of exposure to sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number of ways.”可知，虽然长时间暴露在阳光下对我们不好，但让自己适当地
暴露在阳光下会给我们带来很多好处，并在许多方面影响我们。所以短文的最佳标题为“阳光对我们生活的积极影响”。故选C项。
32．C 33．A 34．C 35．B
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统。文章分析了它的可能性以及它的优点。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If humans ever hope to live on the Mars, the settlers will need to produce a series of organic compounds (有机化合物), from fuels to drugs, which are too expensive to ship from Earth.”（如果人类希望在火星上生活，定居者将需要生产一系列的有机化合物，从燃料到药物，这些从地球上运输出来的东西太贵了。）可知，人类若需要在火星上定居，则需要生产一系列的有机化合物，但是从地球上运送很昂贵。同时在根据第三段“For the past eight years, the researchers have been working on a system combining bacteria and nanowires (细菌和纳米线) that can catch the energy of sunlight to change carbon dioxide (CO,) and water into building blocks for organic things. Nanowires are thin wires about one-hundredth the width of a human hair, used as electronic parts, and also as solar cells.”（在过去的8年里，研究人员一直在研究一种结合细菌和纳米线的系统，这种系统可以捕捉阳光的能量，将二氧化碳(CO，)和水转化为有机物质的基石。纳米线是一种只有人类头发丝百分之一宽度的细线，用作电子元件和太阳能电池。）可知，科学在研究一种新的系统，该系统可以捕捉阳光的能量，将二氧化碳(CO，)和水转化为有机物质的基石。
综合分析，新生态系统的功能是帮助在火星上生产有机化合物。故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““On Mars, about 96% of the atmosphere is CO2. Basically, all you need is these nanowires to take in the solar energy and pass it on to these bacteria to do the chemistry for you,” said project leader Peidong Yang, professor of chemistry and the S.K. and Angela Chan Distinguished Chair in Energy at UC Berkeley. “For a deep space task, you care about the weight, and biological systems have the advantage that they self-reproduce: You don’t need to send a lot. That’s why this version is highly attractive.””（“在火星上，大约96%的大气是二氧化碳。基本上，你所需要的就是这些纳米线吸收太阳能，并将其传递给细菌，为你完成化学反应，”加州大学伯克利分校(UC Berkeley)的S.K.和安吉拉陈(Angela Chan)杰出主席、化学教授杨沛东(Peidong Yang)说。“对于深空任务，你关心重量，生物系统有自我繁殖的优势:你不需要发射很多。这就是为什么这个版本非常吸引人。”）和第五段“The only other requirement, besides sunlight, is water, which on Mars is relatively more than enough in the polar ice caps and likely lies frozen
underground over most of the planet, said Yang.”（杨说，除了阳光，唯一的另一个需求就是水，在火星极地冰盖中，水相对来说是足够的，而且可能冻结在地球大部分地区的地下。）可知，火星上存在着大量的二氧化碳，水和阳光让其自己生产有机物质成为可能。故选A项。34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Plants, however, have a quite low efficiency (效率), usually changing less than one-half percent of solar energy into carbon compounds. Yang’s system is comparable to the plant that best changes CO2 to sugar, which is 4～5% efficient.”（然而，植物的效率相当低，通常将不到0.5%的太阳能转化为碳化合物。杨的系统可与将二氧化碳转化为糖类效果最好的植物相媲美，其效率为4~5%。）可知，杨的系统的效率
比自然光合作用要高。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。本篇文章主要介绍了可以在火星上自己生产有机化合物的新系统。文章分析了它的可能性以及它的优点。本文应属于科技文。故本文应取材于报纸的“科学”部分。故选B项。
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