大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷175 (题后含答
案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation
Part I Writing
1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose your university is collecting opinions to improve the whole campus, what suggestions will you make and why?
正确答案： Opinions on Bettering Our Campus If my university is now gathering opinions on how to better our campus, where we will spend our most precious time, I would like to make several suggestions. First and foremost, there should be an increase in the number of classrooms equipped with an air conditioner. Hence, there is no need for students to get up at 6 o’clock just to find a seat in the library, the only building with an air conditioner on campus. Furthermore. the university is supposed to put up several signs to warn cars to slow down, especially on rainy days. Quite a few students complained that the running cars splashed water over them. Finally, suggestion boxes should be set up so that students can give advice anytime. To sum up, the university, I suppose, should take these suggestions into consideration so as to foster a harmonious atmosphere for students.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文： (1)When a dog loses a leg. the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time. the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now. scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way. We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may someday drive your car, too. Robots also help people in natural disasters.(2)Robots are deployed in search and rescue operations following an earthquake. Robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and hostile. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged.(1)The scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury.1. What is the news report mainly about? 2. What can we know about robots from the news report?
2．
A．A dog that runs on three legs.
B．New robot dogs developed by scientists.
C．New robots that can help people in natural disasters. D．New robots that can continue working when injured.
正确答案：D
3．
A．They can do everything that people can’t do. B．They will be improved in two years. C．They can work in dangerous situations. D．They can mend themselves when injured.
正确答案：C
听力原文： We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than others.(3)Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. Researchers say it is not important how far you run. It also does not matter how fast or even how often you run. As advertisements for the running shoe Nike say, “just do it. “ Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About one-fourth of the adults reported they ran regularly. The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non-runners to die of any form of disease, including heart disease.(4)In fact, the runners lived, on average, three years longer than the non-runners. Compared to non-runners, runners showed 30 percent lower risk of death by any causes, including heart attack, stroke or cancer.3. What is the benefit of running according to the news? 4. How long did the runners survive the non-runners?
4．
A．It can help people cure diseases. B．It can make people feel happy. C．It can help people lose weight. D．It can help to protect heart disease.
正确答案：D
5．
A．One year. B．Three years. C．Four years. D．Thirty years.
正确答案：B
听力原文： A single cigarette sold on a street corner may not cost a lot:
however, the overall costs of smoking are huge. First, consider the cost of human life.(5)The World Health Organization says about 10 people die of a tobacco-linked disease every minute. That rate adds up to almost six million people dying from such diseases every year. (6)For most people. stopping smoking is hard. Many began smoking as teenagers. They are used to it. Studies show people who want to stop smoking can do so with different treatments. Other experts and former smokers offer even more effective advice: If you are considering starting smoking, don’t. Smoking costs more than the life of an individual. It can affect the health of an entire country.(7)The World Health Organization says low-income countries depend heavily on taxes from cigarettes. They use the money, in part, to pay the costs of health care for tobacco-related diseases. But the illegal trade in tobacco products is further testing the economies of low-income countries.5. How many people die from smoking every year? 6. Why is it hard to stop smoking for most people? 7. How do low-income countries partly spend the taxes from cigarettes?
6．
A．Six million. B．Ten million. C．Six billion. D．Ten billion.
正确答案：A
7．
A．They are accustomed to smoking. B．They have too much stress. C．They are teenagers.
D．They find it cool to smoke.
正确答案：A
8．
A．On the improvement of education. B．On the improvement of infrastructure.
C．On the treatment of tobacco-related diseases. D．On some illegal trade.
正确答案：C
Section B
听力原文：M: Hello! You seem worried. Can I help you?W: Oh, I feel so strange with my feet in the skis.M: So you don’t know how to ski. Is it your first time skiing here?W: Actually, it’s my first time seeing real white snow.M: Are you kidding? Where are you from, young lady?W:(8)I used to live in Singapore. We do not have
snow there. It’s always sunny.M: No wonder. I guess you must be a good swimmer.W: You bet. Swimming is my favorite hobby. But I simply don’t know what to do with these skis.M: Don’t worry. I’m sure you will learn it very quickly. I’ll show you how to move. Now walk like me, all right? Good! Let’s go up the hill and try, shall we?(9)When you want to go up the slope, you should stand sideways and go up step by step, just like a crab. W: Oh, that’s really funny. I’ve never walked in this way, but it’s interesting. M: Let’s move to the gentle slope. It will make it easier. W: I guess I’m a little nervous. M: Take it easy. Trust yourself. Now, keep leaning forward while going down.(10)If you want to stop, you should point the tips together, got it? W: I see.M: Now, let’s try. OK. Go!(11)How do you feel? Still afraid? W: No, not at all.(11)As a matter of fact. I feel quite pleased and proud of myself, thank you very much. You are so kind.8. Why does the woman know nothing about skiing? 9. What does the man suggest the woman do when going up the slope? 10. What should the woman do if she wants to stop when skiing? 11. How does the woman feel when she is skiing?
9．
A．She hasn’t seen snow. B．She doesn’t like to ski. C．She is afraid of skiing.
D．She lives very far away from the skifield.
正确答案：A
10．
A．Act like a cat.
B．Go up step by step. C．Stand in the middle.
D．Go up as quickly as possible.
正确答案：B
11．
A．Cross the tips.
B．Stop leaning forward. C．Point the tips together. D．Move to a gentle place.
正确答案：C
12．
A．Pleased but afraid. B．Happy but nervous. C．Pleased and proud. D．Exciting and satisfied.
正确答案：C
听力原文：M: Hi, Monica, please come in and take a seat.W: Well, you would like to talk about the new web designer with me, right?M: Yes, well, how does she perform?W: Well, that depends...(12)she is very hardworking, but it seems that she often can’t meet our expectations. For example, she was assigned to build the BBS the other day, but it seemed that she was not as good as what we had thought before. She told me just now that she could not complete that task.M: Well, didn’t you talk with her about what she should do at the beginning?W: Not really. She was recommended by John and from what he told me, she sounded to be pretty qualified to do the job.(13)I’m not asking for terrific web design but to build up a structure with all the basic elements of web design.M: Did you ask her why she wasn’t frank with you in the beginning if she couldn’t do the BBS?W: Well,(14)from what she said, she learned that all by herself, and had no professional training.M: So now what do you plan to do since she got the job half done?W: On the one side,(15)we can ask her to leave in a week since she was not honest when applying for the job and made so many mistakes. On the other side, we will have to hire someone with experience in that field to take over her job.M: Yes, I agree. That should also teach her a lesson. For us, I think we had better turn to our Job Center for help. There, we can get a professional to work at it.12. How does the new web designer perform according to the woman? 13. What kind of job is the web designer required to do? 14. What can we learn about the new web designer? 15. What will they do with the new web designer?
13．
A．She is honest and hardworking. B．She is very competent for the job. C．She likes her job very much.
D．She is hardworking but not competent.
正确答案：D
14．
A．Designing a terrific web. B．Designing a basic web. C．Building a terrific BBS.
D．Designing a terrific program.
正确答案：B
15．
A．She learned the skills at a famous university. B．She didn’t do well at school. C．She learned the skills by herself.
D．She received some professional training.
正确答案：C
16．
A．Let her leave immediately.
B．Get an experienced man to help her. C．Fire her in a week.
D．Let her get some professional training.
正确答案：C
Section C
听力原文： With the global economy now taking more executives to far-away places like Beijing and Tokyo, jet lag is becoming a bigger problem. Sleep researchers are working harder than ever to find suitable remedies. Trips to the other side of the globe make adjusting a traveler’s body clock a more lasting process. Jet lag experts say they believe it takes one day for each time zone away from home, up to a maximum of six or seven days, to get fully in harmony with local time.(16)Using a combination of nap and caffeine is better than using them separately, if you can believe it. It takes 15 to 30 minutes for caffeine to kick in. So you may do the two together. All it takes is a cup of coffee. By the time the caffeine is working, your nap is over. Sleep experts are also working with professional and amateur athletes who perform at international meets.(17)A proper amount of sleep can improve an athlete’s performance as much as 30% . But there is no easy remedy. The problem lies in the differences in travelers’ ability to handle jet lag.(18)Sleep researchers have found that people who have dealt with sleep loss over long periods can tolerate jet lag better than most. And older travelers also tend to get hit harder than the young by jet lag.16. What should we do to deal with jet lag according to the passage? 17. How much improvement can a proper amount of sleep make to the athletes’ performance? 18. Which of the following group can tolerate jet lag better than others?
17．
A．Take a nap for 15 to 30 minutes.
B．Use a combination of nap and caffeine. C．Have a cup of coffee three times a day. D．Do exercise when feeling tired.
正确答案：B
18．
A．About 13% . B．About 15% . C．About 30% . D．About 50% .
正确答案：C
19．
A．Professional athletes. B．Amateur athletes.
C．People who often travel. D．People who often lack sleep.
正确答案：D
听力原文： Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days.(19)Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are trying to lower the costs of waste in new ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller amounts or trying to cut down on trash-hauling costs. Roughly 30% of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $ 48 billion annually. A recent study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States was wasted. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. One student said without trays, students took less food and didn’t eat more than they should.(20)Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38% at the cafeterias. That same phenomenon often happens at Oregon’s Portland International Airport. Busy travelers often throw half-eaten meals into trash cans and the airport must pay the city to haul the waste away. Now the airport is carrying out a program to install food-only trash cans. The food waste is collected and given to the city to use in agriculture.(21)Besides being environmentally friendly, the changes may save the airport money. It costs about $ 82 to have one ton of trash hauled, but food waste costs only about $ 48 a ton to haul. Cutting back on the waste can require spending money on software and training. There are software systems that track food being thrown out. Steve Peterson is the head chef at the MGM Grand Hotel.(22)He was surprised when he installed the software system and saw the value of food that was going out of the back door. To cut costs, Peterson decided to reduce serving sizes.19. What is the main aim for people paying attention to food waste? 20. Why do the dining halls in Virginia Tech have no trays? 21. What’s the purpose of installing food-only trash cans at the airport? 22. How can the software system help reduce the food waste?
20．
A．To reduce the costs of waste.
B．To keep the airport clean and tidy.
C．To shorten the time of dealing with trash.
D．To remind the passenger to produce less trash.
正确答案：A
21．
A．They want to reduce costs.
B．Students there never waste food. C．They want to reduce food waste.
D．The university wants to buy software instead.
正确答案：C
22．
A．To lower the costs of hauling food waste. B．To save more food for the world. C．To keep the dining room clean. D．To reduce the efforts of cooking.
正确答案：A
23．
A．It can store measures of how to save food.
B．It can calculate the total amount of food offered. C．It can help people realize the value of wasted food.
D．It can connect the food needed with the number of customers.
正确答案：C
听力原文： Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?(23)Many people are afraid to assert themselves. Dr. Robert Alberti, author of “Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back,” thinks it’s because their self-respect is low. “There’s always a ‘superior’ around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who ‘ knows better’. “ But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves. They offer “ Assertiveness Training” courses. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear.(24)A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear.(25)It uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more “important” than you, you may start to doubt your own good sense. But why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.23. What is the problem the speaker mainly talks about? 24. What is suggested to timid people to overcome their problems? 25. What is the content of an AT course?
24．
A．Some people are treated unfairly.
B．Some people buy things they do not want. C．There are many superiors around us.
D．Some people do not think highly enough of themselves.
正确答案：D
25．
A．To talk with Dr. Alberti. B．To go to see a superior. C．To take AT courses.
D．To speak out for themselves.
正确答案：C
26．
A．Attending Dr. Alberti’s lecture. B．Sharing one’s feeling with others. C．Talking with a superior. D．Chatting with other people.
正确答案：B
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
They drive hybrid cars, if they drive at all, shop at local stores, if they shop at all and pay off their credit cards every month, if they use them at all. They may have【C1】______income, but they live below their means, in a conscious effort to tread【C2】______on the earth. They are a new breed of “generation” , Young and Wealthy but Normal, or Yawns. The acronym(首字母缩略词)comes from The Sunday Telegraph of London, which noted that an increasing number of rich young Britons are【C3】______aware, concerned about the environment and given less to【C4】______than to giving money to charity. Yawns sound dull, but they are the new movers and shakers, their【C5】______big and bold. They are men and women in their 20 s, 30s and 40 s who want nothing less than to【C6】______the world and save the planet. Take Sean Blagsvedt, who【C7】______from Seattle to India in 2004 to help build the local office of Microsoft Research. Moved by young children begging on the streets, Blagsvedt quit Microsoft and【C8】______two networking sites, babajob. com and babalife. com, to link India’s vast pool of【C9】______workers with the people who need labor. The larger goal—to reduce【C10】______. The high-tech world has produced some Yawns, but more and more are appearing in every walk of life. In fact, Yawns are a subset of a growing global movement of the eco-socially aware.A)change I)lightlyB)consciously J)movedC)consuming
K)overturnD)crucial L)potentialE)desires M)povertyF)disposable N)sociallyG)dreams O)tracked H)launched
27． 【C1】
正确答案：F
解析：空格位于谓语may have之后、宾语income之前，故应填入形容词修饰income。but转折句指出，他们却过着低于自己财富水平的生活，暗示前半句说明他们有足够的收入，disposable in—come意为“可支配收入”，故空格处应填入disposable“可支配的，可使用的”。备选的形容词中，crucial意为“重要的，关键的”；potential意为“潜在的”，均不符合文意，故排除。
28． 【C2】
正确答案：I
解析：空格位于动词tread与介词短语on the earth之间，故应填入副词修饰tread。前一句说这些人有足够的收入，却过着低于自己财富水平的生活，介词短语表目的，说明他们这样做是为了有意识地“轻踩大地”，可以引申理解为：为了保护地球。故空格处应填入lightly“轻轻地”。备选的副词中，consciously意为“有意识地”；socially意为“社会地，在社会中”，均不符合文意，故排除。
29． 【C3】
正确答案：N
解析：空格位于系动词are与表语形容词aware之间，故应填入副词修饰aware。根据上下文可知，越来越多年轻富有的英国人都关注环境，说明他们有社会意识，故空格应填入socially“社会地，在社会中”。备选副词consciously意为“有意识地”，与aware意思相近，故排除。
30． 【C4】
正确答案：C
解析：空格位于动词短语given to的后面，to为介词，故应填入名词或动名词，因than构成比较时，前后语法结构基本一致，所以可以由动名词短语giving money to charity判断空格处最好为动名词。文章前两段都提到这群人的简朴生活，本句还强调越来越多年轻富有的英国人有社会意识，关注环境，捐给慈善机构的钱应该是比自己消费的要多，故空格处应填consuming“消费”。备选的名词中，desires“欲望”、dreams“梦想”和poverty“贫困”从语法形式上和语义上都与原文不相符，故均排除。
31． 【C5】
正确答案：G
解析：空格位于独立主格部分，故应填入名词。根据下文内容推测，他们要做save the planet这样的事情，所以big and bold的主语应该是梦想，故空格里应填入dreams“梦想”。备选的名词中，de—sires“欲望”偏贬义，排除；poverty“贫困”不符合文意，排除。
32． 【C6】
正确答案：A 解析：空格位于不定式to的后面，与save the planet中的动词save构成并列，故空格中应填入动词原形。上文说，这群被称作Yawns的人有着远大的梦想，再根据本句中and后的并列短语推测，他们想要做的是改变世界和拯救地球，故空格中应填入change“改变”。备选的动词原形overturn意为“推翻”，不符合文意，故排除。
33． 【C7】
正确答案：J
解析：空格出现在定语从句主语who后面，应填入动词作谓语，再根据空格后介词短语fromSeattle to India，in 2004，可以推断空格处应填入动词的过去式。不定式提到Blagsvedt从西雅图到印度的目的是帮助在当地建立微软研发办公室，故空格中应填入moved“搬家”。备选的动词过去式中，launched“发起，开办”和tracked“追踪”，均不符合文意，故均排除。
34． 【C8】
正确答案：H
解析：空格位于and后面，与动词quit构成并列谓语动词，又因本句阐述的是2004年的事情，quit是过去式，故此处应填入动词过去式。根据上下文语义关系，Blagsvedt辞掉了微软的工作，然后开办了babajob．com和babalife．com两家网站，故空格中应填入launched“开办，发起”。备选的动词过去式tracked意为“追踪”，不符合文意，故排除。
35． 【C9】
正确答案：L
解析：空格位于of所有格结构的名词前，故应填入形容词修饰该名词。该句中，不定式表目的，说设立网站的目的是为了把印度大量的工人与需要劳动力的人连接起来，结合上下文，这些工人必然是指那些在等待机会的待岗工人，也就是潜在的劳动力，故空格里应填入potential“潜在的”。备选的形容嗣crucial意为“关键的”，不符合文意，故排除。
36． 【C10】
正确答案：M
解析：空格位于动词后面，基本可断定应填入名词作reduce的宾语。因上文提到，Blagsv—edt受街上乞讨儿童的触动，开设了两家网站帮助待岗工人找工作，可以推断：这样做的更大日标是减少贫困，故空格中应填入poverty“贫困”。
Section B
Creative Destruction of Higher EducationA)Higher education is one of the great successes of the welfare country. What was once the privilege of a few has become a middle-class entitlement, thanks mainly to government support. Some 3. 5 million Americans and 5 million Europeans will graduate this summer. In the modern world universities are developing rapidly: China has added nearly 30 million places in 20 years. Yet the business has changed little since Aristotle taught at the Athenian Lyceum(雅典学院): young students still gather at a specific time and place to listen to the wisdom of scholars.B)At present, a revolution has begun, thanks to three forces: rising costs, changing demand and new technology. The result will be the complete change of the university. While the prices of cars, computers and much else have greatly fallen, universities have been able to charge ever more for the same service because they are protected by public funding and the high value employers place on degrees. For two decades the cost of going to college in America has risen by 1.6 percentage points more than inflation every year.C)For most students, the university remains a great deal. The total lifetime income from obtaining a college degree, in net-present-value(净现值)terms, can increase as much as $590,000. But an increasing number of students have gone deep into debt, especially the 47% in America and 28% in Britain who do not complete their course. As for them, the degree by no means values for that sum of money. And the government becomes more and more unwilling to fund the university. In America government funding per student fell by 27% between 2007 and 2012, while average tuition fees, adjusted for inflation, rose by 20% . In Britain, tuition fees close to zero two decades ago can reach $15,000 a year.D)The second factor resulting in change is the labor market. In the standard model of higher education, people go to university in their 20s. A degree is an entry ticket to the professional classes. But automation is beginning to have the same effect on white-collar jobs as it has on blue-collar ones. According to a study from Oxford University, 47% of occupations are at risk of being automated in the next few decades. As innovation wipes out some jobs and changes others, people will need to top up their human capital all through their lives.E)By themselves, these two forces would be pushing change. A third—technology—ensures it. The internet, which has turned businesses from newspapers through music to book sale upside down, will turn over higher education. Now the MOOC, or “ Massive Open Online Course” , is offering students the chance to listen to star lecturers and get a degree for a fraction of the cost of attending a university. MOOCs started in 2008: however, they have so far failed to live up to their promise. Largely because there is no formal system of accreditation(认证), drop-out rates have been high. But this is changing as private investors and existing universities are drawn in. One provider, Coursera, claims over 8
million registered users. Though its courses are free, it received its first $ 1 million in incomes last year after introducing the option to pay a fee of between $ 30 and $ 100 to have course results certified. Another, Udacity, has teamed up with AT&T and Georgia Tech to offer an online master’s degree in computing, at less than a third of the cost of the traditional version. Harvard Business School will soon offer an online “pre-MBA” for $ 1,500. Starbucks has offered to help pay for its staff to take online degrees with Arizona State University.F)MOOCs will destroy different universities in different ways. Not all will suffer. Oxford and Harvard could benefit. People of great ambition will always want to go to the best universities to meet each other, and the digital economy tends to favor a few large institutions in charge of its operation. The big names will be able to sell their MOOCs around the world. But ordinary universities may suffer the fate of many newspapers. Were the market for higher education to perform in future as that for newspapers has done over the past decade or two, universities’ incomes would fall by more than half, employment in the industry would drop by nearly 30% and more than 700 institutions would shut their doors. The rest would need to adjust themselves to survive.G)Like all revolutions, the one taking place in higher education will have victims. Many towns and cities rely on universities. In some ways MOOCs will further make the difference both among students and among teachers. The talented students will be much more comfortable than the weaker outside the structured university environment. Superstar lecturers will earn a fortune, to the anger of their less charming colleagues.H)Politicians will come under pressure to halt this revolution. They should remember that state spending should benefit society as a whole, not protect professors from competition. The change of universities will benefit many more people than it hurts. Students in the rich world will have access to higher education at lower cost and greater convenience. The flexible nature of MOOCs appeals to older people who need training. EdX, another provider, says that the average age of its online students in America is 31. In the modern world online courses also offer a way for countries like Brazil to go ahead Western ones and supply higher education much more cheaply. And education has now become a global market: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered Battushig Myanganbayar, a remarkably talented Mongolian teenager, through an online electronics course.I)Rather than maintaining the old model, governments should make the new one work better. They can do so by supporting common standards for accreditation. In Brazil, for instance, students completing courses take a government-run exam. In most Western countries it would likewise make sense to have a single, independent organization that certifies exams. Changing an ancient institution will not be easy. But it does promise better education for many more people. Rarely have need and opportunity so neatly come together.
37． The introduction of automation affects the labor demand and then brings about the revolution of higher education.
正确答案：D
38． The weaker students and the less attractive teachers will suffer from the innovation of higher education.
正确答案：G 39． MOOCs are improving in that private investors and existing universities are engaged in them.
正确答案：E
40． As for those students who do not complete their course, the university degree is definitely not worth $590,000.
正确答案：C
41． Despite a rapid increase in the number of university graduates, higher education has had little difference since its beginning.
正确答案：A
42． Governments are supposed to support common standards to certify online courses of higher education.
正确答案：I
43． In order to avoid the failure, ordinary universities need to adapt themselves to the digital economy.
正确答案：F
44． Thanks to online courses, students may approach higher education much more cheaply and conveniently.
正确答案：H
45． Due to the protection of public funding and the employers’ emphasis on degrees, university students in America pay for a rising expense.
正确答案：B
46． Mostly because of the lack of formal recognition, the rates of quitting on MOOCs have been high.
正确答案：E
Section C
Millions of teenagers are in danger of putting their health at risk by getting hooked on e-cigarettes, experts warn. Leading health researchers say they are “very concerned” by the growing number of youngsters trying the devices as a major new study reveals one in five teenagers has accessed them. E-cigarettes have been marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes. But previous research shows e-cigarettes generate poisonous chemicals similar to those found in tobacco and may harm the lungs and immune system. Worryingly, researchers at Liverpool John Moores University discovered 16% of teenagers who have used e-cigarettes had never previously smoked. The experts also found e-cigarettes were “ strongly related” to drinking among teenagers. Study author Prof. Mark Bellis warned that such “ rapid penetration into teenage culture of what is essentially a new drug-use option is without precedent(先例). “ He added: “ Our research suggests that we should be very concerned about teenagers accessing e-cigarettes. While debate on e-cigarettes has focused largely on whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use, e-cigarettes themselves contain a highly addictive(上瘾的)drug that may have more serious and longer lasting impacts on children because their brains are still developing. “ Researchers surveyed 16,000 students aged 14 to 17 in the North West of England and asked them about their alcohol and tobacco use. They found that one in five answered yes to the question: “Have you ever bought or tried electronic cigarettes?” More males than females said they had, and the figure increased with age and if they lived in a deprived poor area. Of the teenagers that had accessed e-cigarettes, 16% had never smoked, 23% had tried smoking but did not like it, 36% were regular smokers, 12% only smoked when drinking, and 14% were ex-smokers. The research, published in journal BMC Public Health, also found teenagers who drank alcohol were significantly more likely to have accessed e-cigarettes than non-drinkers. Among those who had never smoked, it was found that those who regularly have excessive drinking were four times more likely to access e-cigarettes than those who never drink. In all of those that drink, regardless of smoking status, e-cigarette access was associated with excessive drinking and involvement with violence after drinking. The researchers said their findings suggest that teenagers who use e-cigarettes are most susceptible(易受影响的)to other forms of substance use and risk-taking behaviour.
47． How have e-cigarettes been promoted in the market?
A．As a device meeting the physical and mental needs of smokers. B．As a product preventing smokers from using tobacco products. C．As a much healthier substitute for traditional cigarettes. D．As a new device promoted among youngsters.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。本题考查电子烟在市场上推广的信息。由定位句可知，电子烟已经被作为比传统香烟更健康的一种替代品推向市场。C)是对定位句的同义转述，故为答案。A)“作为满足吸烟者身体和精神需求的一种装置”和D)“作为一种在年轻人当中推广的新装置”，在原文均未提及，故排除；B)“作为防止吸烟者使用烟草制品的一种产品”是对本段首句的曲解，alternative意为“供替代的选择”，B)与此不符，故排除。
48． What do we learn about e-cigarettes?
A．They contain the chemical matters identical with tobacco. B．They have strong ties with drinking among teenagers. C．They act as an approach to tobacco cigarette use. D．They are available in the grocery stores.
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。本题考查对电子烟的了解。第三段第二句提到，专家们还发现电子烟与青少年饮酒“密切相关”。B)项中的have strong ties with是原文中were“strongly related”to的同义转述，故答案为B)。A)“电子烟含有与烟草相同的化学物质”是对第二段第二句的曲解，原文说的是电子烟产生的有毒化学物质与在烟草中发现的类似，而不是相同，故排除；C)“电子烟充当一种使用烟草香烟的途径”是针对第三段末句中whether or not they act as a gateway to tobacco cigarette use设置的干扰项，原文并没有如此肯定地表达，故排除；D)“电子烟能够在杂货店买到”，原文并未提及，故排除。
49． According to Prof. Mark Bellis, ______.
A．e-cigarettes contain something addictive which has a longstanding effect on kids
B．e-cigarettes may be harmful to the lungs and immune system
C．the use of e-cigarettes penetrates into youth culture as rapidly as other drug uses
D．e-cigarettes make teenagers who have never smoked before start smoking
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。本题考查马克·贝里斯教授的观点。第三段末句提到，虽然关于电子烟的争论主要集中在其是否是一种通往使用烟草香烟的途径，但电子烟本身含有非常容易上瘾的药物，可能对孩子造成更严重、更持久的影响，因为他们的大脑还在发育。A)是对该段末句大意的概括，故为答案。B)“电子烟可能对肺部和免疫系统有害”是先前的研究结果，并不是马克·贝里斯教授的观点，故排除；C)“电子烟的使用渗透到青少年文化的速度和其他药物使用一样快”是对本段第三句的曲解。原文中without precedent意为“史无前例的”，并非“一样的”，故排除；D)“电子烟使得以前从不吸烟的青少年开始吸烟”是利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学的研究人员的发现，而非马克·贝里斯教授的观点，故排除。
50． What do we learn from the survey made among students in the North West
of England?
A．E-cigarettes are now widely available and heavily promoted. B．The number of adult cigarette smokers is dropping at present. C．Teenagers are very knowledgeable about alcohol and tobacco use. D．E-cigarette access is linked to excessive drinking and violence after it.
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。本题考查对英格兰西北部学生进行调查的情况。原文最后一段倒数第二句指出，在那些喝酒的所有人中，不论吸烟状况如何，电子烟的使用与过度饮酒和酒后参与暴力活动相关联。D)是本句的同义转述，故为答案。A)“电子烟现在广泛普及和推广”、B)“成人吸烟的人数目前正在下降”和C)“青少年对于酒精和烟草的使用很在行”，原文均未提及，故均排除。
51． What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Experts are concerned about excessive drinking in teenagers. B．The harm of e-cigarettes is greater than that of alcohol.
C．Teenagers are in danger of risking their health on e-cigarettes. D．Researchers are aware of smoke-related health hazards.
正确答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。本题考查的是全文的主旨大意。原文第一段指出，专家警告说，数以百万计的青少年沉迷于电子烟，这使他们的健康受到威胁。第二、三段表明了电子烟对青少年的危害。最后三段指出研究人员对英格兰西北部16，000名14至17岁之间的学生进行的关于其酒精和烟草的使用情况的调查，并揭示了调查结果。由此可知，本文主要阐述了青少年沉迷于电子烟，危及他们的健康。C)是对全文的最佳概括，故为答案。A)“专家关心青少年的过度饮酒问题”和D)“研究人员注意到了与吸烟相关的健康危害”都是文章提及的部分内容，属于以偏概全，故排除；B)“电子烟的危害大于酒精”，原文未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。
Never before has so much money been made by a single firm in such a short period of time. On January 27th Tim Cook, the boss of Apple, announced that it had made $18 billion in its latest financial quarter. Apple’s telephone-number-sized profit stemmed largely from sales of its hugely popular iPhone, which accounted for over two-thirds of its $74.6 billion revenue. Chief executives rarely admit to being shocked by their companies’ performance, but Mr. Cook said it was “hard to comprehend” the extent of the interest in Apple’s products. He noted that, on average, 34,000 iPhones were bought every hour of every day during the latest quarter. Apple is the world’s largest company by market capitalisation(总值)as well as its most profitable. Strikingly, it has risen to greatness using a rather old-fashioned business model: selling highly desirable objects at fat gross margins, which hit almost 40% in the latest quarter. The tech industry has bred numerous software-based firms, such as Google and Facebook, that don’t have to worry about shifting goods around, yet they make much less than the Colossus of Cupertino. Amazon handles lots of physical
goods, but loses money. Another thing that sets Apple apart from the tech pack is its success in conquering China. While rivals have been frustrated there, Apple has just become the largest force in China’s smartphone market measured by units shipped, according to Canalys, a market-research firm. Any failure in China could hurt Apple. The company’s overall dependence on the iPhone is another risk. But these are early days for the iPhone 6, Apple’s latest device, whose bigger screen takes the firm into the “phablet”(平板手机)category of larger phones that are wildly popular with customers. Some iFans also point out that Apple’s share of the smartphone market is small compared with devices using Google’s Android operating system. So it has plenty of room to grow. Mr. Cook said this week that its much-anticipated smartwatch will go on sale in April. Tim Bajarin of Creative Strategies, a consulting firm, thinks Apple could sell 22m -24m in the first 12 months after the launch, producing billions of dollars of new revenue. Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, reckons the watches will have a higher-than-average gross margin, which predicts good profits. Apple should be able to make more money from software and services, too.
52． A large part of Apple’s fat profit comes from______. A．the sales of its smartwatch B．the sales of its software C．the sales of its service D．the sales of its iPhone
正确答案：D 解析：事实细节题。本题考查苹果公司巨额收益来源的信息。由定位句可知，苹果公司的巨额利润中很大部分都来源于它旗下十分受欢迎的iPhone手机，公司746亿美元收入中，iPhone手机占了2／3多。故D)为答案。A)“智能手表的销售”、B)“软件的销售”和C)“服务的销售”，原文均未提及，故排除。
53． The author cites Mr. Cook’s words in Para. 1 in order to______. A．show how popular iPhone is
B．show how much money Apple makes C．reveal how smart chief executives are D．reveal how the company is run
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。本题考查作者引用库克先生所说的话的意图。该段倒数第二句提到，首席执行官们很少承认对公司的表现表示震惊，但库克先生却表示市场对苹果产品的着迷程度让他“难以理解”。接着在本段最后一句指出，他特别提到，在最近的财务季度期间，平均每天的每个小时都要卖出去34，000台iPhone手机。由此推测，作者引用库克先生所说的话旨在表明iPhone手机的受欢迎程度，故答案为A)。B)“显示苹果公司赚了多少钱”、C)“显示首席执行官们有多聪明”和D)“显示公司是如何运营的”都不是作者的真正意图，故排除。
54． It is implied in the passage that______.
A．Apple’s online store of software apps is always busy
B．Apple’s smartwatch will reduce its dependence on the iPhone C．shifting goods around eats away at Amazon’s profits D．the outlook of software-based firms is quite uncertain
正确答案：C 解析：推理判断题。本题考查对全文内容的推理分析。第二段最后两句提到，科技行业培育出了众多以软件为基础的公司，如谷歌和脸谱，它们不必担心货物流通，但它们赚的钱比“库比蒂诺的巨无霸”(库比蒂诺，苹果公司总部，位于美国旧金山)要少得多。而亚马逊处理大量的实体产品，却处于亏本状态。由此可知，处理大量的实体产品使得亚马逊的收益受损，故C)为答案。A)“苹果公司的软件应用程序在线商店总是很忙”，原文并未提及，故排除；文中第四段第二句提到苹果公司对iPhone手机的全面依赖无疑是另一个风险。而B)“苹果公司的智能手表将降低公司对iPhone手机的依赖”是对原文的错误推断，智能手表的推出与苹果公司对iPhone手机的全面依赖无关，故排除；第二段提到了众多以软件为基础的公司，如谷歌、脸谱，并对它们的收入状况进行了介绍，但并未描述这些公司的前景，因此D)“以软件为基础的公司前景十分不确定”属于过度推断，故排除。
55． What makes Apple stand out from other tech firms? A．The total sales of iPhones all over the world.
B．Its successful occupation of market share in China. C．No shifting of goods around.
D．Its constant developing of new products.
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。本题考查苹果公司脱颖而出的因素。定位句提到，另一个使得苹果公司在技术行业中脱颖而出的因素在于其对中国市场的成功占领。B)是本句的同义转述，故为答案。A)“iPhone手机在全世界的总销量”和D)“不断开发新产品”，原文均未提及，故排除；C)“没有货物流通”是针对第二段中don’t have to worry about shifting goods around设置的干扰项，原文讲的是科技行业培育出的众多以软件为基础的公司不必担心货物流通，而这并非苹果公司脱颖而出的因素，故排除。
56． Which of the following statements is true?
A．The market share of Apple’s smartphone is small compared with Android devices.
B．Sales of iPhones are more than market-watchers have expected.
C．Customers always choose Apple when they upgrade their smartphones. D．The software and services of Apple’s online store are free.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。倒数第二段最后两句指出，一部分“果粉”还指出，与使用谷歌的安卓操作系统的设备相比，苹果的智能手机市场占有率还算小的。因此，苹果手机还有很大的增长空间。A)是对本句大意的概括，故为答案。原文第一段末句提到，在最近的财务季度期间，平均每天的每个小时都要卖出去34，000台iPhone手机，但B)“iPhone手机的销量超过了市场观望者的预期”，原文并未提及，故排除；C)“当顾客要更新智能手机时，他们总是选择苹果”，原文未提及，故排除；原文末段末句提到苹果公司也应该能在软件和服务方面赚得更多的钱，由此可知，D)“苹果在线商店的软件和服务是免费的”是不正确的，故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
57． 职业教育是指让受教育者获得和提高从事某种职业所必需的知识和技能的教育。相较于基础教育而言，职业教育侧重于实践技能和专业技能的培养，为学生提供良好的就业机会，为国家提供更多更专业的人才。它是国家高等教育不可或缺的重要部分，是促使高等教育走向大众化的重要因素。因此，大力发展职业教育已成为推进中国工业化、现代化的迫切需要。
正确答案： Vocational education refers to the one that helps the educated man to obtain knowledge and improve his skills necessary for specific jobs. Compared to the elementary education, vocational education focuses on the cultivation of practical and professional techniques. It provides the students with good chances to get a job, and trains more professional talents for the country. Vocational education is an indispensable part of national higher education, and is an important factor of promoting higher education to be popularized. Therefore, there is an urgent need to vigorously develop the vocational education for China’s industrialization and modernization.
解析：1．第一句是一个简单句，主干部分为“职业教育是指……的教育”，而“让受教育者获得和提高从事某种职业所必需的知识和技能”这一部分作为先行词“教育”的定语，该部分太长，翻译时不宜将其置于先行词前面，因此翻译时可将其后置。前面主干部分可译为Vocational education refers to the one that…，或者译为Vocationaleducation is an education that…；“受教育者”译为the educated man。2．第二句是一个长句且逗号较多，因此翻译时需要断句。前面两个分句主要是将职业教育和基础教育进行对比，而后面两个分句阐述的是职业教育的功能。因此，可以将原文拆分成两部分进行翻译。“相较于”的惯用表达方式是compared to；“基础教育”译为the elementary education；“侧重于”可译为focus on；“实践技能和专业技能的培养”译为the cultivation of practical and professional techniques。后面两个分句单独成句，主语为“职业教育”，但在翻译时使用代词it指代即可。“提供良好的就业机会”可以译为provide…with goodchances to get a job，后一个“提供”可以直译为provide，也可以将其含义进一步引申，译为train。3．第三句主语为“它”，但在翻译时需要代词明确化，即“职业教育”。“不可或缺的”译为indispensable；“高等教育”译为higher education；“促使高等教育走向大众化”可译为promote higher education to be popularized。4．第四句是整段话的总结，“迫切需要”是这句话的评论性语言，而“大力发展职业教育已成为
推进中国工业化、理代化的”阐述的是另一种事实。根据英汉表达习惯，汉语常常将评论性语言或重要的内容置于句尾，而英语恰好相反，因此翻译时先译“迫切需要”，使用there be句型。“迫切需要”译为urgent need；“大力发展”译为vigorously develop；“工业化”译为industrialization；“现代化”译为modernization。
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