论跨文化交际中中西方礼仪差异研究

学士学位论文

论跨文化交际中的中西方礼仪差异研究

A Research on the Differences of Chinese and Western Etiquette

in Cross Cultural Communication

系别 专业： 西语系 商务英语 姓名 学号： 马婷婷 1305040214 年级 班级： 2013级 2班 指导教师及职称：陆海霞

2017年4月

吉林师范大学博达学院 学位论文原创性声明

本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除了论文中特别加以标注的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。申请学位论文与资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。

作者签字： 日期： 指导教师签字：

日期： 年

年 月 日 月 日

摘 要

在世界多元文化共存、相互交流日益频繁的形势下,人们对跨文化交际中中西方礼仪差异有了新的认识。在跨文化交际背景下,中西方文化差异的表现形式包括商务礼仪中的语言差异、中西方宴会礼仪差异以及中西方家庭礼仪差异。本研究主要针对跨文化交际中中西方文化差异的上述表现形式深入进行分析，通过分析中西方礼仪各方面的差异,反映出中西方文化在语言,餐桌礼仪等的丰富多样性。不同的国家有不同的文化特征，无论文化是好还是坏。不同的国家文化有不同的魅力，都值得我们学习和借鉴，有助于我们提高跨文化交际的有效性,更好的进行跨文化交际。

关键词：跨文化交际；西方；礼仪；文化差异

Abstract

Under the situation of multicultural coexistence and mutual communication, people have a new understanding of the differences between Chinese and Western etiquette. Under the background of cross-cultural communication between Chinese and western, the forms of cultural differences between China and the West include language differences in business etiquette, differences in ceremonial and differences between Chinese and Western family etiquette. This research mainly for Chinese and western cultural differences in cross-cultural communication, form the thorough analysis, by analyzing the difference between different Chinese and western etiquette, reflect the rich diversity of Chinese and western culture in language, table manners. Different countries have different cultural characteristics, whether culture is good or bad. Different national culture have different charm, all of them are worth learning and using for reference and helping us to improve the effectiveness of intercultural communication, cross-cultural communication better.

Key words：Cross - cultural communication;Chinese and Western;differences;etiquette

1. Introduction

With the development of reform and opening up, intercultural communication is increasing, and the differences between China and the west. Because of the different cultural backgrounds of different countries and the great differences between Chinese and Western cultures, these differences lead to unnecessary misunderstanding and jokes. The purpose of this paper is to study the differences between Chinese and Western etiquette in intercultural communication, such as daily expressions, banquet etiquette and family etiquette. This helps to promote the economic, political and cultural contacts between Chinese and Western intercultural communication.

2. The Differences of Business Etiquette Language in Intercultural Communication

Every nation has its own language. The languages have unique meaning and characteristics in each nation. Chinese and Western people are under the different background, so the misleading of languages is normal. And learning a kind of language is also knowing about a country’s culture.

Western ceremonies emphasize practical, expressive straightforward. Oriental polite manners compared with the Western manners, it often appears humble and subtle.

2.1 Daily greeting

Daily greeting, Chinese people mostly use “Do you eat?” “Where do you eat?” and so on. This reflects a kind of intimacy between people. For Westerners, this way of greeting makes the other side feel confused, embarrassed, or even unpleasant because westerners understand this question as a “interrogate” and think the other side is asking his or her private life. In the West, when people greet with each other, they just say,“ Hello”, “ Good morning!”, “How are you doing”, etc.

In daily life, western people are used to talk about the weather. But in China, they may ask “where are you going?” In western culture, they will answer impolite “It has nothing to do with you.” The different concept causes the misleading.

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2.2Appellation

Generally speaking, in China, calling people’s given name only occurs when they are very close or they are familiar. But in the West, “call people’s given name” is impolite in some situations. In the West, people usually use “gentleman” and “lady” to call a stranger or someone whom they are not familiar with. They call unmarried female “Miss” and married female “Mrs”, or use “Ms” to address both married and unmarried females. As for family members, regardless of longevity, generally they call each other’s name or nickname. At home, they just call their father’s and mother's name directly.

In addition, all the male elders can be called “uncle”, and all female elders can be called “aunt”. But in China, we must distinguish between seniority, the young, the old or other relations, otherwise this is regarded as impolite. In the West, calling people’s given name show their close relationship or means being friendly. People like to call their names and this often happens at the beginning of a conversation.

In China, people like to be called with a title, that is, family name plus a title, such as Manager Liu, President Zhang, etc. because this is a symbol of status . But in the West, people rarely use formal titles to call others. Official titles only for judges, senior government officials, officers, doctors, professors and senior religious figures. It is worth noting that the West has never used administrative duties such as the Secretary, Managers, Principals and other titles to call others.

2.3 Farewell

There are many different farewells in cross cultural communication. If the farewell to the patient, the Chinese people often say “drink plenty of water”, “wear more clothes”, “go to bed early”, “the patient can care” and so on, But the Westerners will never say like that, because it would be considered to be finger-piercing. For example, they will say “more care” or “hope you recover soon” and so on.

For example, when the Chinese people go to other people’s home, if they want to leave, most of them will say “I'd better be leaving now. You must be very tired.” While the American will say “I had better let you sleep” “I think I have to leave now. It’s very nice to talk with you.” The American think it’s polite. In China, when the guests leave, the host will send the guests to the door and say “walk slowly”. The foreigners will think

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“why should I walk slowly?” The American think it’s a request. But it’s a way for Chinese to express.

2.4 Praise

Facing the attitude of people who are taken praise, the East and West are not the same. In the face of other people’s praise, the Chinese people often feel embarrassed. They often say that I am far worse than words. They are very modest. Westerners often express sincere praise face to face. They often say thank you and accept each other’s good intentions.

For example, in China, if they say “You are looking very smart today”, then they will answer “No, I’m ugly. ” But the western people will answer differently “Thank you,so are you.” So you can find the Chinese euphemistic, instead the western people are direct.

3. The Differences on Table Manner

3.1 Differences on Parties

Mr. Yi Zhongtian once in the Western culture “questioned the desktop” in the brilliant explanation: the core of Chinese cultural thought is “group consciousness”, the core of Western cultural thought is “personal consciousness”. So Westerners in a timely manner to eat, order and drink. Chinese culture believes that individuals must obey the Chinese people's overall wishes for dinner, focusing on the food itself. The food at the banquet must be abundant.

Westerners’ diet is different from that of Chinese people. Mr. Lin Yutang said: “British beauty can only enter the biological machine fuel, as long as the body after eating can be strong enough to resist bacterial infection, the other is insignificant.”

3.2 Differences on Banquet

3.2.1 Differences in seating arrangements

Chinese people often use round tables when treating guests. In different places, there are many differences to indicate different states when people sit around the round table. Different seats around the round table also have the status of the seat. Small

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banquet consists of two tables, usually in the form of a row or a row of tables. When the two tables are horizontal, facing the right side of the table is the main table; when the two tables are vertical, the furthest from the main entrance is the main table. Dinner consists of three tables, not only you should pay attention to the rules, such as the “facade positioning”, “right respect”, “farther”, but also from the table to consider the location of the main table.Usually, the closer the table is, the higher the status is.Instead of the farther, the lower. For example, the wedding table, the more close to the wedding table, the higher status is. The family and the leader on the table are arranged on the nearest table to show respect for them. Western people usually use long tables at formal banquets. The height of the desktop from the main table determines the location of the distance, the more right the table, the more honorable. On the same table, the location that is closer to the owner is more distinguished.

3.2.2The setting and use of Chinese tableware placed

There are many rules about the position of tableware. The most important thing is chopsticks in China. Chopsticks must be neatly placed on the right side of the rice bowl. After dinner they must be neatly placed in the middle of the rice bowl. The main role of the spoon is to scoop dishes and food. Sometimes, when you eat with chopsticks, you can also use a spoon to assist in eating. But try not to use a spoon to pick up the dishes alone. At the same time , do not scoop over full, so as not to overflow dirty table or clothes. Plate is mainly used for filling food. According to the number of and shape of different dishes and shape, people choose different plate shapes. There are many kinds of Chinese plates and slightly smaller plates are called dishes, which is mainly used to hold food. The usage of plate is similar to that of the bowl. When people have a meal, the plates are generally required to remain in place on the table and do not pile up together. The shape of fish plat is slender because it is used to lay on the fish. There is a kind of special plate. The main role of food plate in the middle of the table is to use the plate from the public dish to enjoy the dishes. When using the food dish, generally do not take too many dishes in the food dish. Not only it looks chaotic, but also like hungry ghosts. Cup, which is mainly used to hold the tea. Glasses can be used to hold drinks or fruit juice. Westerners emphasize the concept of healthy diet, regardless of food color, smell, taste or shape. They strive to taste lightly and keep a balanced diet. Western people think that diet is only a means, so enjoying the diet does not account for important position. In addition, westerners pay attention to food nutrition when they cook food. They are

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committed to the development and study of food in different states of nutritional differences. Even if the taste of different food is similar, they can finish all because they think those kinds of food is nutritive.

There are also differences on table manners. There are fundamental differences between Chinese and Western table manners. Chinese people eat for life. They always spend a long time when eating on the table.They are used to urging to drink and enjoying delicious food. But no matter how abundant the dishes are, the owner still show his or her hospitality by saying,“ there are not many dishes.”. While western people just eat their own quietly.Generally, the owner says “please help”. Western food generally has four to five dishes. Balanced diet is the best. If the banquet is held at home, it is better to finish all the dishes because the hostess is happy and thinks you like to eat her dishes. In the face of rich feast, the master will say “enjoy yourself , welcome everyone”. In addition, in western countries,they do not ask “Have you had something?” or “What have you had”? These greetings are misunderstood easily. For example, in the UK, if you were asked for dinner, it means that you are going to be invited to eat. For unmarried men and women, it also shows that you are interested in each other.

3.3 The Differences on Chinese and Western Family Ceremony

Because of the world of civilization etiquette, for thousands of years,it has been adhering to the fine tradition of the Chinese nation, civilized dress, respect for young, humble and friendly, warm and friendly.They are always respecting the freedom of the West. People know that the most important thing is the people are free.They are able to arrange their own. This kind of ideological and cultural difference is embodied in various ways.

3.3.1 The Importance of Family Etiquette in Intercultural Communication

Family is the basic unit of society.It is closely linked to the whole society.It is the foundation and indispensable part of social life..The relationship between you and the community can be said to be local and overall ..The entire economic society , political culture and other fields can restrict, infiltrate and affect the existence and development of various families.The family is the epitome of society, and the family is the cell of community. It provides people with basic social life environment. If the family

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environment is stable, healthy, social life and economic development play a catalytic and stable role. On the contrary, if the family life is unstable and unhealthy, social life and economic development will have a destructive effect.

3.3.2 The concept and meaning of family etiquette

Family etiquette refers to people in the long-term family life exchange ideas and information, contact feelings and gradually it formed a common sense of the code of conduct and etiquette. “Family Harmony”is the most important. This “harmony” is the meaning of the courtesy . “Parental and prosperous life together”between the husband and the wife can make the life happy.

Family etiquette plays an important role in daily life . In brief, family etiquette is the basis of maintaining stability and achieving happiness. Family rituals can regulate family members to achieve a harmonious relationship , but also conducive to the promotion of social and national development.

3.3.3 The Differences of Rites between Chinese and Western Families

Love is an important part of traditional Chinese ritual education.It embodied the responsibility and obligation to parents for their children.It is well known to the Chinese people, it is easy to know that the role of traditional Chinese parents is not only teaching and educating children, but also it is not the only way.Parents have the obligation to correct and help children at any time Whether or not grow up,they are responsible for their children all the time.As for Chinese education,I’m afraid that western people can’t accept.

Even if it is extremely advocating freedom, people-oriented Western people can not escape the obligations. Only this obligation can have a more specific time limit of human -18 years old. Before the age of 18, parents have to teach their children to learn the independence It is necessary to prepare for the children to leave home. This is a response to life skills. The director of the contract society always pays attention to accurating calculation.When children grow up, the parents do not have the right to continue to raise them. Going home to eat a minute also has to calculate clearly. As parents expect, many children are self-reliant, and it is gratifying that their ability to deal with difficult problems is really strong. Because the choice of parents did not seem to

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“human” education.

3.3.4 Differences between children and parents

In traditional Chinese families, parents always guide their children in the right direction And rarely let their children try and give them the opportunity to make mistakes and correct themselves. Some parents even can not afford children rebuttal and objection. However, Western people can not accept this view. Regardless of the young and the old. they insist on equality of family status.Chinese parents in the family respect their children’s views and opinions, even if it is wrong. They thought \"it was not a matter of fact.\" There is such a story, in an American family, a winter morning, the little girl does not listen to the parents’ advice.She insisted on wearing a summer skirt. The father did not force her to wear cotton-padded clothes, but let her think by herself. The results can be imagined, the girls realized her stubborn mistakes.She took the initiative to the family admit, and then put on the coat consciously. However, for a Chinese family, parents will do what parents can know the wrong on the basis of the child also support the wrong idea?

3.3.5 Differences between children and parents

Filial piety culture is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, but also an indispensable element to understand Chinese culture.Mr. Sun Yat-sen once said: “Now the most civilized country in the world ,Chinese is the most completely about filial piety.” It can be seen that the focus on filial piety is not to have the ability to adopt a young mother, but to respect. Respect is as a starting point. The so-called respect is to let the elderly live with dignity, but also live happy and have the balance of mind, enjoy old age. In the past, the people attached importance of family etiquette generally.The children must obey the words of the parents.If you do not listen to the old man,you will suffer in sight. Until now, the vast majority of Chinese children still inherited the fine tradition .They will have filial piety to their parents all the time. In the family, taking time to take into account the feelings of parents and the interests in the child language decent, humble and polite. If you ask the Westerners who know the family members, they will not think of the answer, the husband. If you ask them how to position their parents, they think that parents are separate from children and spouses alone. Focusing

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on vertical blood relationship between the Chinese families is very different.Western people pay more attention to horizontal self-centered. Therefore, for the Western old living alone, or sick old man living in the old home we are not surprised. At the same time, it is also suggested that the strong and independent Westerners, in order not to bear the burden of their children, deny the social people think that their old and incompetent wrong views.They insist on living alone, not living with their children.

China is concerned about the implicit expression.Westerners tend to express directly.The Chinese children never say good morning or good night.But the West children always put good morning and good night on the mouth. Chinese children have to say please, thank you and sorry . The children of the West always say please, thank you and excuse me.So the habits of them are very different.

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4. Conclusion

All in all, Chinese and Western cultures are abundant and varied. This article is reflected in the language, table tables and the etiquette.Different countries have different cultural characteristics. Although they are different, regardless of the culture is good or bad. But different countries have different charm.

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参考文献为了防止英语字母和单词出现宋体等其他字体的情况，建议在全部完成以后用“全选”全部改为“Times New Roman”。这样，英语部分就全部换成了“Times New Roman”，而汉语部分则仍然还是“宋体”等。

参考文献详细说明 中文书目：

参考文献是对期刊论文引文进行统计和分析的重要信息源之一，在本规范中采用GB 7714推荐的顺序编码制格式著录。 一、参考文献著录项目

① 主要责任者(专著作者、论文集主编、学位申报人、专利申请人、报告撰写人、期刊文章作者、析出文章作者)。多个责任者之间以“，”分隔，注意在本项数据中不得出现缩写点“.”（英文作者请将作者名写全）。主要责任者只列姓名，其后不加“著”、“编”、“主编”、“合编”等责任说明。② 文献题名及版本(初版省略)。③ 文献类型及载体类型标识。④ 出版项(出版地、出版者、出版年)。⑤ 文献出处或电子文献的可获得地址。⑥ 文献起止页码。⑦ 文献标准编号(标准号、专利号……)。 二、参考文献类型及其标识

根据 GB 3469规定，以单字母方式标识以下各种参考文献类型： 参考文献类型、文献类型标识

专著[M]. 论文集[C]. 报纸文章[N]. 期刊文章[J]. 学位论文[D]. 报告[R]. 标准[S]. 专利 [P]. 。对于专著、论文集中的析出文献，其文献类型标识建议采用单字母“[A]”；对于其他未说明的文献类型，建议采用单字母“[Z]”。

对于数据库(database)、计算机程序(computer program)及电子公告(electronic bulletin board)等电子文献类型的参考文献，建议以下列双字母作为标识： 电子参考文献类型、标识

数据库[DB]. 计算机程序[CP]. 电子公告[EB] 三、电子文献的载体类型及其标识

对于非纸张型载体的电子文献，当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标识中同时标明其载体类型。本规范建议采用双字母表示电子文献载体类型：磁带(magnetic tape)——[MT]. 磁盘(disk)——[DK]. 光盘(CD-ROM)——[CD]. 联机网络(online)——[OL]. 并以下列格式表示包括了文献载体类型的参考文献类型标识： ［文献类型标识/载体类型标识］

如：［DB/OL］—— 联机网上数据库(database online)

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［DB/MT］—— 磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) ［M/CD］—— 光盘图书(monograph on CD-ROM) ［CP/DK］—— 磁盘软件(computer program on disk) ［J/OL］—— 网上期刊(serial online)

［EB/OL］—— 网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 以纸张为载体的传统文献在引作参考文献时不必注明其载体类型。 四、文后参考文献表编排格式

参照ISO 690及ISO 690-2，每一参考文献条目的最后均以“.”结束。各类参考文献条目的编排格式及示例如下：

1.专著、论文集、学位论文、报告

主要责任者.文献题名［文献类型标识］.出版地：出版者，出版年: 起止页码(实际引用页码) . 刘国钧，陈绍业，王凤翥. 图书馆目录［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，1957: 15-18. 辛希孟.信息技术与信息服务国际研讨会论文集：A集［C］.北京：中国社会科学出版社，1994. 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集［D］.北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所，1983.

冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析［R］.北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院，1997. 2.期刊文章

主要责任者. 文献题名［J］. 刊名，年（卷）（期）： 起止页码. 何龄修.读顾城《南明史》［J］.中国史研究，1998(03)：167-173.

金显贺，王昌长，王忠东，等.一种用于在线检测局部放电的数字滤波技术［J］.清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1993(4): 62-67. 3.论文集中的析出文献

析出文献主要责任者. 析出文献题名 ［A］. 原文献主要责任者(即：编者) . 原文献题名［C］. 出版地：出版者，出版年. 析出文献起止页码.

钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用［A］.赵玮.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集［C］.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1996: 468-471. 4.报纸文章

主要责任者. 文献题名［N］. 报纸名，出版日期 (版次) . 谢希德.创造学习的新思路［N］.人民日报，1998-12-25(10) . 5..国际、国家标准 标准编号，标准名称 ［S］.

GB/T 16159-1996，汉语拼音正词法基本规则［S］. 6.专利

专利所有者. 专利题名［P］. 专利国别：专利号，出版日期.

姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案［P］.中国专利：881056073，1989-07-26. 7.电子文献

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主要责任者.电子文献题名［电子文献及载体类型标识］.电子文献的出处或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选) .

王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展［EB/OL］. http://www./cajcd.edu.cn/pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html,1998-08-16/1998-10-04. 万锦坤. 中国大学学报论文文摘(1983-1993) . 英文版 ［DB/CD］. 北京:中国大百科全书出版社，1996.

8.各种未定义类型的文献

主要责任者.文献题名［Z］. 出版地：出版者，出版年. 五、参考文献与注释的区别

参考文献是作者写作论著时所参考的文献书目，一般集中列表于文末；注释是对论著正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明，一般排印在该页地脚。参考文献序号用方括号标注，而注释用数字加圆圈标注(如①、②…)。

六：参考文献的排列顺序，先英文，后中文。英文按开头字母从A到Z的顺序排列，中文按开头文字的汉语拼音从A到Z的顺序排列。 论文电脑录入，A4 纸单面打印，左侧用抽杆夹装订，勿用订书钉。 论文装订顺序： 封面、学位论文原创性声明、中文摘要、英文摘要、正文、参考文献、附录。 学院教务处将对2017届毕业生毕业论文进行电子检测，严把质量关， 对于抄袭的毕业论文不予通过，论文“全文文字复制比”不超过30%，优 秀论文不超过20%。 推荐论文检测网站： 中国知网（www.cnki.net） 维普通达检测系统（www.cqvip.com/gocheck） 万方数据论文相似性检测（http://check.wanfangdata.com.cn） PaperPass（www.paperpass.org） 商务英语专业毕业论文方向：

商务跨文化交际 商务英语文体和写作 商务英语谈判

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商务英语教学研究（听说读写译） 商务英语翻译 国际贸易理论和实务 市场营销

商务英语专业毕业论文题目参考 （不强制，具体与导师商定）：

“商务英语文体和写作”方向选题：

商务英语合同中的词块研究 英语商务信函的衔接手段研究

礼貌原则在商务英语拒绝信函中的应用研究 顺应论视角下坏消息商务英语信函中的模糊语研究 任务型教学法在商务英语写作教学中的应用

从学生习作中的语言错误谈国际商务英语外贸信函写作教学 浅谈涉外合同英语特色 英语写作中常见中式英语分析 论撰写商务信函的礼貌原则 简论商务英语Email的写作特色 商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 商务英语函电翻译技巧

浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 商务英语信函的语体分析 浅谈商务信函的文体特征

英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 商务英语写作问题研究 商务函电交流研究

商务英语中书面语言的文体特征及语用分析 英语写作中常见中式英语分析 商务英语函电的文本特征 经贸英语合同的语言特色 商务合同英语的文体特征分析 简论商务英语E-mail 写作特色 经贸英语信函话语基调分析 商业英文书信所使用的词语分类浅析 商务英语信函的语体分析

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商务英语函电翻译技巧 浅谈商务信函的文体特征 商务英语写作问题研究 国际商务英语信函话语分析 商务英语函电中的文化因素初探

试论商务英语写作的简洁礼貌原则及写作技巧 商务英语文本的文体特点及翻译研究 论商务英语广告语言的特征与表达 浅谈商务信函中的常用英语句式的运用 浅谈涉外合同英语特色 商务英语交往中的礼貌原则 广告英语的分类及分析 虚拟语气与商务英语表达 经贸英语的语言特点 浅论经贸英语的文体风格 经贸英语与一般英语的异同

英语在商务活动中的作用（经济贸易中英语的作用） 经贸英语在中国加入WTO后的新趋势 经贸英语会话的语用分析

常用名词在经贸英语中的语义变化特征 关于网络广告英语与报刊杂志广告英语词汇比较 初析英文广告句式结构及修辞的功能 中英文广告中语言使用的对比 中英文广告标题的共同点 广告英语词汇修辞初探 术语在国际商务中的重要性 广告英语的分类与分析 修辞格在广告中的运用 试论广告英语的语言特点 英文的国际发展趋势

商务英语函电中的文化因素初探 现代商务英语书信的写作风格和语法特点 从修辞方面浅探商务英语的语言特色 商务英语书面语篇词汇特点分析 礼貌原则在商务英语信函写作当中的应用 浅谈商务信函的文体特征

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商务英语写作中的错误与商务英语写作教学之间的关系

“商务跨文化交际”方向选题：

基于学生需求分析的商务英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养

Intercultural Communication and Culture Teaching in College Business English Class 商务英语教学中的跨文化交际策略 浅谈商务交往中的中美文化差异 论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 国际商务中的跨文化交际问题 跨文化交际在商务英语学习中的运用 商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 浅析跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素

文化习俗与跨文化交际学对经贸英语学习的影响 中西文化差异与交际障碍 试谈语言交际中的文化差异 论中西文化差异与英语学习 文化差异对经贸英语翻译的影响 跨文化交际中的非言语交际体系研究 文化差异对国际商务的影响 文化的转换与商标翻译

商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 试论文化因素对商务活动的作用 从文化视角比较中英文广告语言 中英文广告传播之语言特色及跨文化问题 试论文化导入在商务英语教学中的作用 商务英语交往中的礼貌原则

得体的社交礼仪在商务活动中的重要性 商务交流与商务礼仪之我见 社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响 美国英语习语与文化 商务英语学习中的文化习得 商务英语在国际营销中的作用

“商务英语谈判”方向选题：

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合作学习理论在商务英语谈判课堂中的应用研究 国际商务谈判课程—跨文化沟通视角 顺应理论下中美商务谈判的语用策略研究 国际商务谈判中模糊语的语用分析 论商务英语谈判中商务文化意识的体现 国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 试论Body Language在商务谈判中的作用 礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 商务谈判中的策略性语言艺术 中美商务谈判的文化障碍 商务谈判中英语口语语言的重要性 礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 商务谈判的艺术性 跨文化的商务谈判 商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 国际商务谈判中的“文化壁垒” 商务谈判语言技巧 国际商务谈判中的文化差异 日常语言与谈判语言之比较 商务谈判中的语言艺术 中国式谈判与英美式谈判之异同 跨文化谈判研究

国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 商务谈判方法研究 商务谈判的文化障碍

“商务英语教学研究（听说读写译）”方向选题：

商务英语教材的多维分析研究

基于需求分析理论的商务英语课程设置研究 任务型教学法在商务英语口语教学中的应用效果研究 体验学习理论在商务英语口语教学中的应用 基于需求分析的商务英语课程设置问题及对策研究 商务英语口语教学模式探析

商务英语中模糊限制语的语用功能探讨 从商务英语的特点看商务英语教学 普通英语与商务英语词汇学习策略的比较

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商务英语词汇的特点及其翻译 案例教学法在商务英语教学中的应用 论商务英语人才培养的新架构 商务英语阅读研究 商务英语考试技巧研究 商务英语听力策略研究

英语口语或语法在商务领域中的应用 商务英语学习方法探究 商务英语语篇文体特征分析 商务英语常用单词的多义现象例析 商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 浅谈经贸英语会话中的言语交际技巧 论国际经贸活动的语言交际技巧 浅谈非语言交际中的身势语 商务英语学习方法探究 试论普通英语与商务英语的差异 商务英语发展现状浅祈 商务英语考试技巧研究 商务英语听力策略研究 浅谈如何有效学习经贸英语词汇 商务英语专业人才培养模式改革与实践 商务英语专业教学模式探讨 商务英语考证口语考试技巧研究 商务英语背景知识与商务英语

“商务英语翻译”方向选题：

对等理论视角下英语商务合同汉译 奈达等值理论视角下的商务英语翻译 谈商务英语的语言特点及翻译 商务英语翻译教学存在的问题及对策 商务英语缩略语的构成方式与翻译技巧 跨文化因素对商务英语翻译的影响及调整策略 商务英语函电的特点与翻译技巧 商标名称的翻译与策略 商务口译活动及标准

浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译

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商标名称的翻译与策略 产品中文商标的翻译 商标名称的翻译与策略 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 商务函电翻译的用词技巧 化妆品商标名称的翻译与策略 如何翻译好日常商务文书

商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 经贸英语的语体特点与翻译 经贸英语词汇特点与翻译

根据词义和逻辑关系谈涉外经济合同的翻译 谈经贸英语翻译的词义选择问题

一些普通词汇在经贸英语中的特殊意义及翻译 英汉被动语态的比较与翻译 广告翻译的基本策略 广告文体翻译的忠实问题 商号、商标、公司名称等的翻译 中英文商标词的对比及翻译研究

商标名称的美学特征及汉语商标名称的翻译 谈谈旅游资料英译的几个问题 论对外宣传品的中译英 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 商标名称的翻译与策略 商务英语翻译技巧 商务英语翻译标准初探

商品译文的品牌形象对商务英语翻译教学的启示 汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题 论汉语广告的英译处理

从语境角度分析英汉互译中语言的得体 中国特色词汇及其英译 经贸英汉互译中的矛盾与对策 英文广告的特点及翻译 商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 如何翻译好日常商务文书

英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译

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商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响

“国际贸易理论和实务”方向选题：

当前外贸出口存在的问题和对策 制单工作在国际结算中的地位 电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策 加入WTO对经贸英语专业的影响与对策 电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策

The Ways to Increase the Competitiveness of China’s Export Goods 我国在国际贸易中实施反倾销的应对策略

Multinational Corporations Help China Develop Its Economy Export and Import Are Equally Necessary to China

The Advantages and the Disadvantages of China’s Cheap Labor in Its Foreign Trade 文化和地理因素对外商在中国直接投资的影响 浅议国际贸易的几点理论创新

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