英语叙述英国经济历史

发布网友 发布时间：2022-04-20 07:51

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热心网友 时间：2022-05-29 12:40

八十年代债务危机 1981年—1982年

The debt crisis in 1981 eighty - 1982
1981年，危机从墨西哥开始。其到期的公共债务本息达到268．3亿美元，墨西哥无力支付本息，要求国外银行准许延期 支付，但是遭到拒绝。*不得不在1982年夏宣布无限期关闭兑汇市场，暂停偿付 外债等措施，从此爆发了债务危机。其后，巴西、阿根廷、秘鲁等国家也相继告急。如果拉美国家 发生倒帐，作为债主的西方几百家大银行将不堪设想。
In 1981, the crisis began in Mexico. The maturity of public debt and interest of $26830000000, Mexico cannot afford to pay the principal and interest, requirements of foreign bank extension of payment, but was rejected. The government had declared a closed indefinitely foreign exchange market in the summer of 1982, suspend repaying debt and other measures, from the outbreak of the debt crisis. Subsequently, Brazil, Argentina, Peru and other countries also have an emergency. If Latin American countries have bad debt, creditor Western hundreds of big banks will be unbearable to contemplate.
1990年以来，世界先后发生多次经济危机：美国1987年危机 1990年的日本房产泡沫 1994－1995年墨西哥金融危机以及1997年东南亚金融危机等涉及范围较广、影响较大的金融危机
美国1987年危机 1987年—1992年
1987 1987 - 1992 American crisis
1987年10月19日，又是一个“黑色星期一”，道指当天狂跌508点，日跌幅达22.61%，道指从前日收市的2246.74点跌至1738.74点收盘。这一日跌幅排道指有史以来的第二高。美国爆发的这一“股灾”，也引发了全球股市的同步暴跌。1991年1月17日—2月28日，以美国为首多国部队发动了海湾战争。这次危机经历约两年半的始发阶段(即1987年10月至1990年初)，再经历了为时三个季度的恶化阶段（1990年），又经历了历史约两年半的危机后期阶段，共历时五年又三个季度。
In October 19, 1987, it is a "black Monday", the Dow Jones Instrial Average fell 508 points, or 22.61%, the day before the closing, the Dow 2246.74 points to close at 1738.74 points. Since that day fall Dow has the history of second - row. This "crash" USA outbreak, also caused the collapse of global stock market synchronization. January 17, 1991 - February 28th, the USA led multinational forces launched the Gulf war. About two and a half years experience at the beginning of this crisis (1987 October to early 1990), and then experienced a deterioration stage for three quarter (1990), and again after the crisis at a later stage of history about two and a half years, lasted five years and three months.
日本房产泡沫 1990年
The Japanese real estate bubble in 1990
日本在20世纪90年代暴发的经济危机,被称为是日本“失去的十年”。此次危机以1991年初四大证券公司舞弊丑闻被曝光为暴发点,经济形势急转直下,从泡沫景气转为衰退和萧条。
Japan outbreak in twentieth Century 90's economic crisis, known as Japan's "lost ten years". The crisis in 1991 on the big securities fraud scandal for the outbreak of a sudden turn for the worse, economic situation, from the bubble boom to recession and depression.
墨西哥金融危机 1994年—1995年
The financial crisis in Mexico in 1994 - 1995
亚州金融危机 1997年—1998年
The Asian financial crisis in 1997 - 1998
互联网泡沫危机 2000年—2001年
The Internet bubble crisis in 2000 - 2001
回顾三百年世界经济历史 迄今为止出现的以滞胀为特征（生产停滞或缓慢发展和通货膨胀现象）的严重世界性经济 分别是1973年至1975年 第十八次经济危机 1979年至1982年第十九次经济危机
A review of world economic history of three hundred years so far appear to stagflation characterized (proction stagnation or slow development and the phenomenon of inflation) severe world economic respectively from 1973 to 1975 eighteenth economic crisis from 1979 to 1982 nineteenth economic crises
一般来说,出现经济危机时市场需求减少,消费低迷,导致物价指数下降,CPI降低,高速通货膨胀的现象不会出现，除非某些特殊因素 比如战争 滥发货币等。
Generally speaking, the economic crisis, the market demand, consumer downturn, leading to price index drops, CPI reced, a high rate of inflation does not occur, unless some special factors such as war overissue currency.
像这种靠年代内驱力带动的高膨胀率 在繁荣期通过工资福利的提高带动的旺盛需求来消化，通胀造成的货币贬值还可以通过工资福利的提高来抵消 但是危机年代里碰上高通胀的问题，情况就变得尤其恶劣，百业萧条，原料价格上升导致企业成本上升，大部分中小企业举步维艰 面临停工半停工破产倒闭的危险，失业率大幅上升，工作没有保障，工资会福利会缩水减少，而且手中的钱因通胀而变得不值钱。捂紧钱袋子不敢消费，除了基本的生活花销外，其他的消费市场必定萎靡，进一步加剧了萧条。
Like the time drive to drive the high expansion rate to digest in the boom by strong demand wage welfare improvement driven by inflation, currency devaluation can also through the wages and welfare increase to offset but the crisis years with high inflation problem, the situation becomes especially bad, All business languishes., raw material prices lead to rising the rise in the cost of enterprise, the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises have faced off half down the danger of bankruptcy, sharply rising unemployment, job insecurity, wages would rece welfare will shrink, but in the hands of money e to inflation and become worthless. Wujin pocketbook not consumption, in addition to the basic living expenses, other consumer market will slump, further exacerbated the depression.
为什么会在这两个经济危机年代出现高物价高膨胀的现象，通过年代的相关性规律性就很容易解释得通，物价该涨的年代必涨，该跌的年代必跌。大道致简的道理，正如三百年世界经济的繁荣 衰退往返循环一样，有高峰就有低谷，并且按照预定好的年代执行，该涨就涨，该跌就跌。正如调好的闹钟，到了那个点比必被激发敲响。追问英国。。。

追答第一次经济危机 1788年
The first economic crisis in 1788
英国纺织业发展 银行贷款使筹集资金更主容易，工业投资迅猛增长，投资品需求旺盛，生产能力迅速扩大，出口不断增加

Britain's textile instry development bank loans to raise funds more easily, the rapid growth of instrial investment, investment demand, rapid expansion of proction capacity, the increase of export
第二次经济危机 1793年
The second economic crisis in 1793
1792年末，物价开始下降，破产事件开始增加。1793年英国对法国宣战，英国对法国及欧洲*的出口严重萎缩，物价急剧下跌， 到1794年，工商业的状况开始好转。
At the end of 1792, prices began to decline, the bankruptcy event began to increase. In 1793, Britain declared war on France, UK exports to France and Europe shrinking, prices fell sharply, to 1794, instrial and commercial situation began to turn for the better.
第三次经济危机 1797年

The third economic crisis in 1797
1794年到1795年，英国农业歉收，粮价飞涨，工业品的需求下降。
From 1794 to 1795, the British agricultural harvest, soaring food prices, the decline in the demand for instrial procts.

热心网友 时间：2022-05-29 12:40

玩过帝国么...
公元前地海伊比利亚人比克人凯尔特人先来列颠公元1-5世纪大列颠岛东南部罗马帝国统治罗马人撤走欧洲北部盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居7世纪开始形成封建制度许多小国并成七王国争雄达200年之久史称盎格鲁—撒克逊时代

829年威塞克斯国王爱格伯特统了英格兰8世纪末遭丹麦人侵袭1016年至1042年丹麦海盗帝国部分其经英王短期统治1066年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰1215年约翰王*签署大宪章王权遭抑制

1338年至1453年英法进行百年战争英国先胜败1588年击败西班牙无敌舰队树立海上霸权10年英国全球第爆发资产阶级*成资产阶级*先驱19年5月19日宣布成立共和国1660年王朝复辟1668年发生光荣*确定了君主立宪制1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并1801年又与爱尔兰合并

18世纪半叶至19世纪上半叶成世界上第完成工业*国家19世纪大英帝国全盛时期1914年占有殖民地比本土大111倍第殖民大国自称日落帝国第次世界大战开始衰败英国于1920年设立北爱兰郡并于1921年至1922年允许爱尔兰南部脱离其统治成立国家1931年颁布威斯敏斯特法案*承认其自治领内政、外交上自主大英帝国殖民体系从此动摇第二次世界大战经济实力大削弱*地位下降随着1947年印度和巴基斯坦相继60年代英帝国殖民体系瓦解1973年1月加入欧共体

直近几世纪之前大列颠岛由几同国家所占据之前英国历史些国家之间彼此纷争历史英格兰来成了主宰力量大列颠面大旗下与其国家同时期合并起来形成了现联合王国

BC Iberian Mediterranean, BAK, Celtics, had come to Britain. 1-5 Year century Great Britain for the south-east of the Roman Empire rule. After the withdrawal of the Romans, the Anglo people in northern Europe, the Saxons, and Jutes people one after another invasion and settlement. 7th century feudal system began to take shape, and many of the small country into seven of the Kingdom, for hegemony over 200 years, known as the "Anglo - Saxon times."

829 King of Wessex in love Gebert unified England. 8 Denmark were hit by the end of the century, from 1016 to 1042 for Denmark piracy empire. Following a short-term rule of King, Duke of Normandy in 1066 crossing the conquest of England. 1215 King John to sign Magna Carta, the monarchy has been inhibited.

From 1338 to 1453 the British and French for "Hundred Years War," to win the British after the defeat. Beat Spain in 1588, "Armada", to establish supremacy at sea. Britain in 10 in the world's first outbreak of the bourgeois revolution, to become bourgeois revolution. May 19, 19 announced the establishment of the Republic. Dynasty restoration in 1660, in 1668 occurred in the "Glorious Revolution", defined the constitutional monarchy. 1707 England and Scotland merged in 1801 with the merger of Ireland.

The second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century to become the world's first instrial revolution in the country. 19th century British Empire is the peak, in 1914 the colonial possession of more than 111 times that of the local large, is the first colonial power, claiming to be "the sun does not set the Empire." After the First World War began to decline. Britain in 1920 set up the North County Ailan, and from 1921 to 1922 to allow Ireland in the south from its rule, the establishment of an independent country. Westminster bill enacted in 1931, was forced to admit its dominion in the internal affairs and foreign policy of independence, the British Empire from the colonial system shaken. World War II greatly weaken the economic strength and political status of the decline. With the 1947 India and Pakistan's independence one after another, until age 60, of the British Empire collapse of the colonial system. January 1973 accession to the European Community.

Until recently the centuries before the island of Great Britain by a number of different countries take in the history of Britain before it is the dispute between these countries history. England became the dominate force in the "Great Britain" It's large, with other countries at different times combine to form the United Kingdom now.

热心网友 时间：2022-05-29 12:41

The Evolution of the British Economy since the War

The evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods：

（1） Steady development in the 50s and 60s： The British economy in this period is characterized by slow but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standards of consumption.

（2） Economic recession in the 70s： In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate, and the high record of trade deficits.

（3） Economic recovery in the 80s： An outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length, lasting seven years. Another was the improved financial position of the government, with stronger current account of the balance of payments.

Measures taken by Mrs. Thatcher\'\'s government to improve the economy

Mrs. Thatcher\'\'s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy ring the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.

（1） Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.

（2） Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility.

Reasons for the British coal mining is called a “sick” instry today.

Today the coal instry in Britain is on the decline，the number of miners, collieries and the total output have been falling.

The reasons for the decline are as follows： exhaustion of old mines, costly operations of extraction, poor old equipment, little investment, fall in demand e to imports of cleaner, cheaper and more efficient fuels, etc.

Main problems associated with Britain\'s iron and steel instry today.

The main textile procing regions of Britain are the East Midlands, Yorkshire, Humberside, and Northern Ireland.

New Instries

New instries include microprocessors and computers, biotechnology and other high-tech instries. There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech instrial growth： （1）.the area between London and South Wales, （2）.the Cambridge area of East Anglia and （3）.the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland. The third area is the most spectacular of the three and is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”. By the end of 1985 half of Britain\'s microchip output was estimated to have come from Scotland.

热心网友 时间：2022-05-29 12:41

*经济方面